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WPS the suck > Communication > Flashcards

Communication Flashcards

1
Q

Define wavelength

A

the distance between two equivalent points in a wave, measured in meters

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2
Q

Define frequency

A

the number of cycles of an EM wave propagating past a given point each second, measured in Hz

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3
Q

What is the relationship of freq to wavelength

A

As frequency increases, wavelength decreases and vise versa

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4
Q

What is amplitude

A

measure of intensity carried by a EM wave….the height

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5
Q

What is Phase

A

Section of a complete wave cycle corresponding to an angular offset from a specified reference at a given time

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6
Q

What is EM propagation

A

What happens as a wave travels through a medium/ encounters matter….often results in signal attenuation/distortion.
Types: Absorption, Reflection, Scattering, Refraction, Diffraction

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7
Q

Define modulation

A

process of adding information to a carrier wave

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8
Q

define demodulation

A

process of removing information from a carrier wave

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9
Q

Define Amplitiude modulation

A

carrier signal’s amplitude varies with the changing amplitudes of the modulating signal…example is HAVEQUICK

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10
Q

Define Frequency modulation

A

Modulating signal causes the carrier frequency to vary…example is SINCGARS

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11
Q

Define Phase Modulation

A

Information is conveyed by varying the phase of carrier wave…used to allow higher data rates

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12
Q

Describe the concept of Link Budgeting

A

To close the link, total gains must overcome total losses so that the Signal Noise Ratio at the receiver is sufficient

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13
Q

Define Gains

A

Signal strength increased

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14
Q

Define Losses

A

Signal strength reduced

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15
Q

What are the two main types of antennas

A 
Isotropic = omnidirectional with less focus
Directional = aimed with focused power
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16
Q

Define Multiplexing

A

Many signals COMBINED on one channel

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17
Q

Define Multiple access

A

usage of a common comm resource by different users

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18
Q

Whats the difference between Frequency-Division Multiple Access, Time-Division Multiple Access, Code-Division Multiple Access, and Demand Assigned Multiple Access

A 
FDMA = Users assigned different freqs
TDMA = Users are assigned different time slots on shared channel
CDMA = Common freq and time allocation, but users have PRN codes assigned
DAMA = channel assigned based on immediate traffic demands
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19
Q

What is the differences between EM noise, EM interference and jamming

A

Noise is ambient, noncoherent
Interference is specific, coherent signal that negatively impacts
Jamming is intentional interference , but needs power, Frequency, and Access to the receiver to work

20
Q

What are the 3 requirements to jam comms

A

power, frequency, and access to the reciver

21
Q

What are jamming countermeasures for CDO

A

Passive (preeemptive) - in place before an attack

Active (reactive) - implemented during or after an attack

22
Q

Describe uplink and downlink SATCOM jamming

A

Downlink: at the terrestrial receiver, affects local area only (LOS)
Uplink: at the satellite, affects Large-area effect (BLOS)

23
Q

Illustrate the NIPRNet architecture

A

Public Internet –> DoD Gateway –> AF Gateway –> AF Base Boundary –> NIPRNet Host level

24
Q

Illustrate the SIPRNet architecture

A

DoD SIPRNet –> AF Gateway –> AF Base Boundry –> SIPRNet host level

25
Q

Define Air Gap

A

Cyberspace security measure of ensuring a secure computer/network to physically isolate from less secure or unsecure networks…PHSICIALLY ISOLATES

26
Q

What are consideration of Air Gap

A

1 Improper move of data across, and air gap creates a ‘virtual cable’
2 Air gapped networks/computers are not visible to enterprise cyberspace defenders
3 Must use secure websites to retrieve planning data
4 ID ‘msn only’ NIPRNet computers and restrict use to msn related work only

27
Q

Describe IBS report update requirements.

A

Geo-location, reporting timeline, and filtering…
Time delay between 2 to 30 minutes.
Very loose guidance

28
Q

Describe the type of IBS links.

A

IBS-S (simplex): UHF SATCOM, continuous, tailored broadcast
CIB: UHF SATCOM duplex, near real-time, allows modification of tracks, can be SECRET
IBS-LOS: UHF based, anti jam, theater level
IBS-N (network): networked data, can be SECRET//REL and TS//SCI

29
Q

List similarities and differences between tactical data links and IBS.

A

Similar: info transfer, common message format, various protocols
Different: configurable, producer certification, man-in-loop (highlighted in class, theater vs worldwide

30
Q

List three parameters req’d to enter an established Link 16.

A

Initial data load (IDL), crypto, time sync

31
Q

State the advantages of TDL

A
  • Rapid dissemination of tactical info

- Shared SA creates synergy

32
Q

Describe the 6 characteristics of TDLs

A
  1. Message Standard - Language with standard message formats and rules
  2. Media - means of connectivity
  3. Protocols - rules governing TX & RX of information
  4. Security - encryption
  5. Electronic Protection - signal and data countermeasures (e.g. Multiple data paths, freq hopping, msg redundancy, error detect and correct)
  6. Functionality - how data is organized
33
Q

List common adversary cyber threat activites

A 
scanning & reconnaissance
spear phishing
web redirects & malicious web pages
automated ops
Interactive ops
hardware & firmware implants
Insiders
34
Q

List the 4 actions in cyberspace

A 
Cyberspace ISR (gather intel)
Cyberspace operational preparation of the environment (non intelligence enabling activities)
Cyberspace attack (deny, manipulate)
Cyberspace defense (securing)
35
Q

Match the cyber weapon sys to it’s msn area:

Cyberspace security CONTROL system

A

msn area: DODIN ops

36
Q

Match the cyber weapon sys to it’s msn area:

AF Cyberspace DEFENSE

A

msn area: DCO

37
Q

Match the cyber weapon sys to it’s msn area:

AF Intranet CONTROL

A

msn area: DODIN ops

38
Q

Match the cyber weapon sys to it’s msn area:

Cyber vulnerability assessment/HUNTER

A

msn area: DCO

39
Q

Match the cyber weapon sys to it’s msn area:

Cyber DEFENSE analysis

A

msn arean:DCO

40
Q

Match the cyber weapon sys to it’s msn area:

Network ATTACK system

A

msn area: OCO

41
Q

Match the cyber weapon sys to it’s msn area:

BONUS, cyber C2 msn sys

A

msn area: C2 for DODIN ops, DCO, OCO

42
Q

ID the hardware components/terminals and platforms of TDLs

A

Tactical Data System; JTIDS/MIDS terminal; Encryption; Antenna

43
Q

Describe TDL interoperability and architecture considerations

A

Gateway - provides direct connectivity between SADL and LINK 16.

44
Q

ID who is in charge of data link ops and how guidance is published

A

Joint Interface Control Officer (JICO); Operational Tasking of Data Links (OPTASKLINK)

45
Q

Define free space path loss

A

Loss in energy density as EM waves spread/travel, often one of the largest factors in RF comm link.

WPS the suck (12 decks)

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