communication Flashcards
what is a signal? a ________ message containing _____________ that changes ____________ of receiver.
specially evolved; info; behavior
what is communication?
transfer of info through adapted signals from one to another that modifies current or future behavior of one or both parties to improve sender’s fitness
waggle dance - done by __________ to communicate _____ info to conspecifics.
dance is performed by _________ bee via shaking of its __________, when nectar is farther than ______m from hive.
outside hive, on a horizontal surface, bee uses the ________ to orient her waggle directly towards food source.
inside hive on a vertical honey comb, the degree of the ________ is the angle from the _________ towards the __________.
honeybees; foraging
forager; abdomen; 50
sun
upward vertical; sun; food source
vervet monkets in the kenyan savannah make alarm calls to signal conspecifics against which 3 predators?
leopard
eagle
snake
one of the explanations for evolution of animal signals is the preexisting trait hypothesis. state.
features that the animal already produces can be ritualised into signals.
_________ is a thermoregulatory behavior that has been __________ to signal aggression and arousal in many animals.
which hypothesis for evolution of animal signals does this fall under?
piloerection; ritualised
preexisting trait hypothesis
one of the explanations for evolution of animal signals is the preexisting ______ hypothesis, where signals evolve from receivers’ biases in their ___________ systems that detect some features of the world better than others and can be ____________ by sender signals thourgh sensory exploitation.
bias; sensory; exploited
the giant panda’s thumb has the normal vertebrate 5-digit hand, but with an additional modified wrist bone called the ___________. it is slightly ______ and allows panda to better grip bamboo.
this is called ________ according to darwin and _______ according to stephen j. gould.
radial sesamoid bone; elongated
principle of imperfection; panda principle
briefly describe this postulated evolutionary stage of the bee dances.
primary
primary
- scout returns to hive and buzzes wings excitedly
- other individuals get their odor and go out to search for said odor
briefly describe this postulated evolutionary stage of the bee dances.
secondary
secondary
- use pheromones to communicate where food is
- sount makes trail of scent marks every few meters, then returns to hive and buzzes wings to recruit forager bees
briefly describe this postulated evolutionary stage of the bee dances.
advanced
advanced
- return to hive and buzz wings, with longer pauses associated with longer distances
- then flies out of hive in direction of food source, but quickly zig zags back
- after few repetitions of zigzags, scout flies off to source with recruits behind her
which 2 bee species have dances with both distance and directional info and which one has dances without both?
have dances with both distance and directional info
1. honeybees
2. stingless bees
has dances without both distance and directional info
orchid bees (more closely related to honeybees)
in sensory exploitation, a comparison was made between webs with a spider present or not, on likelihood to attract prey.
what is the result?
webs with spiders present attract more prey than those without
due to bright yellow spots on spiders’ ventral sides
a novel signal acts on _______________ bias.
preexisiting
in hyenas, during the time an embryo is most sensitive to genital developmental effects, the mother’s placenta is producing ____________, which converts __________ to __________ and blocks _________ of genitalia.
aromatase; T; endrogen; masculinisation
