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Professional Studies 4 > Communication > Flashcards

Communication Flashcards

1
Q

What is the HCAB?

A

The human animal/human companion animal bond
Involves complex emotional responses throughout culture and economies
Independent of utility

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2
Q

What is attachment theory?

A

The dynamics of long term relationships (psychological connectedness) between people
Based on early childhood experience with primary caregiver impacting adult life

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3
Q

What are the main characteristics of attachment theory?

A

Seeking proximity
Distress at separation
Pleasure at reunion
Orientation to the caregiver

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4
Q

What are the different attachment styles?

A

Secure
Anxious
Avoidant

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5
Q

What is biophilia?

A

Love of life or living systems - the innate emotional affiliation of humans with organisms

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6
Q

What are the function of pets (relational value)?

A

Caring and responsibility roles - attachment
Social lubricant - more sociable when have animal around
Companion/friend
Generate feeling of security
Opportunities for play and fun

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7
Q

What is loss?

A

An ending
Or point of change
Or transition

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8
Q

What is bereavement?

A

Loss of a significant other

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9
Q

What is grief?

A

Reaction to loss

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10
Q

What are the types of loss?

A

Primary - loss of animal itself
Secondary - disruptions and stresses associated with loss eg. no more walks, going to vet etc.
Ambiguous - loss that leaves a question in the owners mind
Symbolic - the loss has a specific link to other losses

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11
Q

What are the models of grief for?

A

Are models rather than obligatory process - an attempt to understand it rather than what actually happens

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12
Q

What are some symptoms of grief?

A

Shock (denial)
Protest (anger, bargaining)
Disorganisation (depression)
Reorganisation (acceptance)

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13
Q

What determines what behaviours and emotions are felt surrounding loss?

A

Features of the relationship
Features of death
Personal circumstances

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14
Q

What features of a relationship can be determinants of grief?

A

Strong attachment or perceived social support/ relational value/ need
Ambivalence towards dead individual - not bothered, or guilty about not loving it enough

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15
Q

What features of death can be determinants of grief?

A

Sudden, unexpected
Traumatic or violent
Uncertainty whether death has occured
Potentially unavoidable - anger, guilt
Euthanasia
Accompanies other significant losses

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16
Q

What personal circumstances can be determinants of grief?

A

Age, sex, life stage, health
Financial issues
Other stresses/losses/parallels
Personality
Religious beliefs
Options for future

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17
Q

Why is euthanasia important?

A

It can relieve suffering - is an important part of caring for and loving an animal companion
Shorter lifespans means inevitably going to experience their end of life/loss

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18
Q

What grief is shown at first sign of deterioration/diagnosis which is specifically associated with the human animal bond?

A

Anticipatory grief

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19
Q

What type of grief is associated with euthanasia which is specifically associated with the human animal bond as its one of the only times euthanasia occurs?

A

Responsibility grief

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20
Q

What type of grief can occur in veterinary staff?

A

Responsibility grief - anticipating having to euthanase an animal
Some avoid the topic, some feel apathy, some feel embarrassment for feeling sad

21
Q

What skills do you need when dealing with clients experiencing loss and grieving?

A

Compassionate communication skills - empathy

22
Q

When is empathy thought to be developed?

A

At 7-12 years old

23
Q

What is empathy?

A

Experiencing anothers point of view and conveying that sense of being understood back to the individual

24
Q

What are two parts of empathy developed in childhood?

A

Emotional contagion - matching emotions
Emotional perspective taking - seeing things from another peoples point of view

25
Q

What are the positives and negatives of being empathetic?

A

Positive - clinician wellbeing, meaningful work, job satisfaction
Negative - decline in empathy over time (burnout)

26
Q

When do experience the greatest strain on emotions?

A

When negotiating challenging euthanasia decision making consultations
The desire to achieve a good death for the animal and their owner

27
Q

What should you consider when communicating about euthanasia?

A

Preparation and planning
Informed consent
The euthanasia itself
Following the euthanasia

28
Q

What is bad news?

A

Any information that changes a persons view of the future in a negative way

29
Q

What does SPIKES stand for?

A

Setting up
Perception
Invitation
Knowledge
Emotions with empathy
Strategy/summary

30
Q

What is the difference between an estimate and a quotation?

A

Estimate - estimation of the likely costs of a procedure/product
Quotation - represents a fixed price

31
Q

What proportion of dogs are insured in the UK?

A

70%

32
Q

What proportion of cats are insured in the UK?

A

40%

33
Q

What is usually not covered by insurance policies?

A

Pre-existing conditions

34
Q

What insurance policy gives the highest level of cover?

A

Life time policy

35
Q

What model is useful when dealing with anger? What are they?

A

The 5 As
Acknowledge
Allow
Affirm
Agree
Assure

36
Q

What are the two main types of reasoning?

A

Type 1 - non-analytical, pattern recognition
Type 2 - analytical, inductive, deductive, hypothetical reasoning

37
Q

What are the pros and cons of type 1 (non analytical) reasoning?

A

Fast, requires little effort, frequently gets right answer, prevents cognitive overload
But subject to error and bias, high emotional attachment to ability to pattern recognise

38
Q

What are the pros and cons of type two (analytical) reasoning?

A

Systematic, reliable, rarely wrong, less likely to miss something, resists bias
Relies on working memory, slow, high effort

39
Q

What can you use when there is still no diagnosis despite using type 1 and 2 reasoning?

A

Test of treatment - response to treatment to confirm
Test of time - can be used where case not urgent (no red flags)

40
Q

How many cases end in diagnosis?

A

Less than 50%

41
Q

What decisions about cases are made other than evidence related clinical reasoning?

A

Resources available
Client resources - time, finance
Value of patient
Ethics
Social

42
Q

What two terms relate to the medicine taking behaviour of the patient?

A

Compliance and concordance

43
Q

What is concordance?

A

The establishment of a therapeutic alliance between the clinician and the patient

44
Q

What is compliance?

A

Whether the client is doing what the clinician advises

45
Q

What are some causes of patient non adherence to medication?

A

Social
Ethical
Financial
Health related
Relationship with medical professionals
Animal factors
COnfusion

46
Q

What is motivational interviewing?

A

Trying to persuade people by having themselves discover the reasoning rather than be told by others

47
Q

What model is used in motivational interviewing?

A

Stages of change model
The readiness ruler

48
Q

What are the 6 things of the stages of change model?

A

Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse
(In a circle)

Professional Studies 4 (10 decks)

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