Communicable diseases and their transmissions Flashcards
What is a communicable disease?
A disease that can be spread between individuals, it is possible for interspecific transmission(from one species to another)
What are the direct transmission modes?
- Direct contact(skin-skin contact/bodily fluid exchange)
- Ingestion(taking in contaminated food)
- Inoculation(through break of skin(puncture wound, animal bite, sex, sharing needles)
What 7 factors increase risk of transmission?
- Overcrowding
- Compromised immune system
- Poor nutrition
- Climate change
- Socioeconomic factors
- Culture and infrastructure
- Poor waste disposal
What are the main features of a bacteria pathogen?
They have a capsule for protection and they have plasmids which sometimes provide DNA for antibiotic resistance
What are the main features of a virus pathogen?
-DNA carries instructions for replication
-Protein coat(capsisd) protective+aids attachment to host
-Spread via droplets
What are the main features of a fungus pathogen?
-Eukaryotic organisms, often multicellular
-Produce millions of spores(reproductive organs) which spread large distances
What are the main features of a protoctista pathogen?
-Needs a vector to transfer a pathogen
What are 2 examples of bacterial diseases?
Who is most vulnerable to them and what are their symptoms?
1.TB-People with comprimised/weak immune systems or in close contact are most vulnerable. Makes lungs hurt, cough, fever, can spread to other organs. Treated with antibiotics.
2.Bacterial meningitis-Children, elderly+weak immune systems most vulnerable. Causes inflammation of the brain+spinal chord, headache fever and stiff neck. Treated w
What are 2 examples of viral diseases?
Who is most vulnerable to them and what are their symptoms?
1.HIV-People sharing needles or having unprotected sex are most vulnerable. Weakens immune system. Treated with antiviral therapy.
2.Influenza-Children , elderly and weak immune systems are most vulnerable. Causes fever, muscle aches, fatigue. Treaded with antiviral drugs
What are 2 examples of fungal diseases?Who is most vulnerable to them and what are their symptoms?
1.Ring worm-People with bad hygine are most vulnerable. Infects skin, nails, scalp causes red itchy patches. Treated with antifungal creams
2.Athletes foot-people in moist environments are most vulnerable. Causes itchy dry patches on feet. Treated with antifungal creams
What is an example of a protocitista disease? Who is most vulnerable to them and what are their symptoms?
Malaria-people in endemic regions are most vulnerable. The vector is mosquitoes. Destroys RBCs causing fevers, anaemia and organ damage. Treated with antimalarials
What are the methods of indirect transmission?
- Droplet infection
- Fomites
- Vectors
