Communicable Diseases Flashcards
Communicable Diseases in Children
Children < 5 years old are at greatest risk
- immature immune system
- maternal antibodies from birth are decreasing
- group settings for children increase exposure
- immunizations do not cover all diseases
Common Childhood Diseases CONTROLLED by Vaccines (14)
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Pertussis
Tetanus
Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib - can present as bacterial meningitis)
Poliomyelitis
Varicella
Hepatitis A (part of routine now)
Hepatitis B
Pneumococcus
Meningococcus
Diphtheria
Rotavirus
Chickenpox
Varicella-zoster virus
Macule/papule -> vesicle -> crust
Vaccine
Diphtheria
Corynebacterium diptheriae
White or gray membrane on tonsils
“bull neck” from lymphadenitis - airway obstruction
toxic cardiomyopathy (2nd to 3rd week)
Vaccine
Mumps
Paramyxovirus
Enlarged parotid glands (bilateral or unilateral)
Oophoritis/orchitis (sterility)
Vaccine
Measles (Rubeola)
Koplik spots in the mouth
Virus
Encephalitis (rare but high mortality)
Pertussis
Bordetella pertussis bacteria
Very distinct sound (requires hospitalization for infants) - short rapid coughs followed by sudden inspiration (whoop)
Vaccine (childhood immunizations do not confer lifelong immunity)
Poliomyelitis
Enteroviruses
Vaccine
Rubella (German Measles)
Rubella virus
Avoid contact with pregnant women
Teratogenic to a developing fetus
Vaccine
Tetanus
Exotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani
Progressive stiffness of muscles in neck & jaw (lockjaw)
Vaccine (booster every 10 years)
Rotavirus
Rotavirus
Fecal-oral route (contaminated food or water, stool)
Vaccine (oral at 2-4 months)
Common Childhood Communicable Diseases NOT Controlled by Vaccines (10)
Fifth Disease
Roseola
Scarlet Fever
Conjunctivitis
Mononucleosis
Impetigo
Hepatitis C
HIV
Pinworms
Scabies
Fifth Disease
Slap-cheek look. Distinct pink flushed cheek look
Human parovirus
Fetal death if mother infected during pregnancy (2nd trimester)
NO VACCINE
Roseola Infantum
Human herpesvirus type 6
No vaccine
Scarlet Fever
Group A B-hemolytic streptococci
Strawberry tongue
Acute rheumatic fever
Acute glomerulonephritis
Otitis media
No vaccine