Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Communicable Diseases in Children

A

Children < 5 years old are at greatest risk
- immature immune system
- maternal antibodies from birth are decreasing
- group settings for children increase exposure
- immunizations do not cover all diseases

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2
Q

Common Childhood Diseases CONTROLLED by Vaccines (14)

A

Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Pertussis
Tetanus
Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib - can present as bacterial meningitis)
Poliomyelitis
Varicella
Hepatitis A (part of routine now)
Hepatitis B
Pneumococcus
Meningococcus
Diphtheria
Rotavirus

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3
Q

Chickenpox

A

Varicella-zoster virus
Macule/papule -> vesicle -> crust
Vaccine

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4
Q

Diphtheria

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae
White or gray membrane on tonsils
“bull neck” from lymphadenitis - airway obstruction
toxic cardiomyopathy (2nd to 3rd week)
Vaccine

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5
Q

Mumps

A

Paramyxovirus
Enlarged parotid glands (bilateral or unilateral)
Oophoritis/orchitis (sterility)
Vaccine

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6
Q

Measles (Rubeola)

A

Koplik spots in the mouth
Virus
Encephalitis (rare but high mortality)

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7
Q

Pertussis

A

Bordetella pertussis bacteria
Very distinct sound (requires hospitalization for infants) - short rapid coughs followed by sudden inspiration (whoop)
Vaccine (childhood immunizations do not confer lifelong immunity)

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8
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

Enteroviruses
Vaccine

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9
Q

Rubella (German Measles)

A

Rubella virus
Avoid contact with pregnant women
Teratogenic to a developing fetus
Vaccine

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10
Q

Tetanus

A

Exotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani
Progressive stiffness of muscles in neck & jaw (lockjaw)
Vaccine (booster every 10 years)

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11
Q

Rotavirus

A

Rotavirus
Fecal-oral route (contaminated food or water, stool)
Vaccine (oral at 2-4 months)

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12
Q

Common Childhood Communicable Diseases NOT Controlled by Vaccines (10)

A

Fifth Disease
Roseola
Scarlet Fever
Conjunctivitis
Mononucleosis
Impetigo
Hepatitis C
HIV
Pinworms
Scabies

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13
Q

Fifth Disease

A

Slap-cheek look. Distinct pink flushed cheek look
Human parovirus
Fetal death if mother infected during pregnancy (2nd trimester)
NO VACCINE

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14
Q

Roseola Infantum

A

Human herpesvirus type 6
No vaccine

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15
Q

Scarlet Fever

A

Group A B-hemolytic streptococci
Strawberry tongue
Acute rheumatic fever
Acute glomerulonephritis
Otitis media
No vaccine

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16
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

viral, bacterial (pink eye)
purulent drainage, crusting of the eyelids

17
Q

Impetigo

A

Staphylococci, Group A streptococci
purulent drainage is infectious
Exudate dries to form honey-coloured crusts
Pruritic
No vaccine

18
Q

Scabies

A

scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei
intense pruritis
No vaccine

19
Q

Giardiasis

A

Beaver fever
Giardia intestinalis (protozoa)
no vaccine

19
Q

Pinworms

A

Intense itching
antiparasitic medication