Communicable Diseases

Question 1

How are fungal diseases spread and infected

Answer 1

• fungi can be uni or multi cellular
• made of structures called hyphae whcih can penetrate food or human skin
• hyphea produce spores- spread between organisms

Question 2

How viruses reproduce

Answer 2

• viruses live inside host cells (animal or plant)
• virus implants own dna into host cells dna
• once new virus made, cells burst and reproduce
• cell damage makes us feel ill

Question 3

How to prevent antibiotic resistance

Answer 3

• prescribe only when needed
• not used on animals
• taken for complete courses
• not taken for bacterial infections

Question 4

Rose black spot

Answer 4

• appears black spot on leaves as well as yellow discolouration
• affects growth as photosynthesis is reduced
• treat through funngicides and stripping plant of infectd leaves which must be destroyed

Question 5

How to control malaria

Answer 5

• stopping mosquitos breeding- eg through removing stagnant water patches
• insecticides
• insect repellamys
• mosquito nets

Question 6

Vaccinations

Answer 6

introducing small quantities of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen into the body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies. If the same pathogen re-enters the body the white blood cells respond quickly to produce the correct antibodies, preventing infection.

Question 7

Cons of vaccinations

Answer 7

• dont always work
• not full immunity
• rare side effects- swelling around injection zone, fever/seizures

Question 8

Plant diseases detected by

Answer 8

stunted growth • spots on leaves • areas of decay (rot) • growths • malformed stems or leaves • discolouration • the presence of pests.

Question 9

Identification of plant diseases

Answer 9

reference to a gardening manual or website • taking infected plants to a laboratory to identify the pathogen • using testing kits that contain monoclonal antibodies.

Question 10

Nitrate ions

Answer 10

• needed protein synthesis

- growth

Question 11

Magnesium ions

Answer 11

Needed chlorophyll

Question 12

Physical plant defense

Answer 12

Barrier

• tough waxy cutical
• cellulose cell walls
• leayers dead cells around stems- bark on trees- fall off

Question 13

Chemical plant defence responses

Answer 13

• antibacterial chemicals

- poisens deter herbivores

Question 14

Mechanical adaptations

Answer 14

• thorns and hairs deter animals
• leaves droop or curl when touched
• mimicry trick animals- look like eggs

Question 15

Penecillin

Answer 15

Penicillium mould
Fleming
Antibiotic

Question 16

Cardiac arythmiac

Answer 16

Foxglove

Question 17

Morphine

Answer 17

Painkiller

Opium poppy

Question 18

Asparin

Answer 18

Painkiller

Willow bark