Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Bio Q Got Wrong > Flashcards

Bio Q Got Wrong Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

For evaluate explain trend on graph/results what must include

A

Evidence from graph/results if ask for it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is energy for the photosynthesis reaction is gained by plants

A

-light captured/trapped/absorbed by chlorophyll/chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How to deal with anomalous result

A

Did not use it in calculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why did rate of photosyntehsis decrease from 35 to 45

A

Enzymes loose shape of the active site

Are denatured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do capillaries in lung hel lungs carry out efficient exchange of gases by diffusion

A
  • surrounded by large capillary network
  • remove oxygenated blood quickly
  • bring co2 to lungs quickly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does breathing enable the human lung to carry out efficient exchange of gases by diffusion

A
  • breathing moves air in and out/lungs are ventillated
  • maintains conc gradiernt
    • brings in oxygen
    • removes carbon dioxide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Differences between prokaryotic ell and eukaryotic cells

A
  • pro no nucleus but euk do
  • pro have single loop DNA but eu do
  • pro smaller
  • pro no mitochondria
  • pro has plasmids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A

-bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Eukaryotic cell

A

Plants
Animals
Algea
Fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens in each stage of cell cycle

A

Stage 1
-DNA / chromosomes replicate / duplicate
-mitochondria / ribosomes / sub- cellular structures increase in number
or mitochondria / ribosomes / sub-cellular structures replicate
Stage 2
-one set of chromosomes is pulled / moved to each end of the cell
Stage 3
-the cytoplasm and cell membrane divides (to form two cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain the ‘lock and key theory’ of enzyme action

A

enzyme binds to the substrate because they are complementary (shapes)

(so) substrate is broken down (into products)
(so) products are released or enzyme is not changed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why does each iff type of lipase act on only one specific type of lipid molecule

A

each active site has a specific shape (so only fits one type of lipid molecule)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why does the leaf in the light contain both glucose and starch

A

glucose from photosynthesis

(excess) glucose converted to starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why does the leaf without light contain glucose but did not contain starch

A

starch (stores) have been converted to glucose
(so the glucose can be) used for respiration / (named) metabolic reactions
or (so the glucose can be) used to release energy
(because) there is no light to make (new / more) glucose by photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of defence response are thorns

A

Mechnical (physical)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do thorns defend the plant

A

to deter herbivores

• to prevent animals damaging it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Causes for yellow leaves and stunted growth

A
  • deficiency of nitrate ions in soil
  • lack of magnesium ions in soil
  • lack of sunlight
  • infection by pathogen
  • infected by aphids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lack of magnesium ions- stunted growth and yellow leaves

A

so) not enough chlorophyll for (efficient) photosynthesis (1)
(so) not enough glucose to make proteins for growth
or not enough glucose to release energy for growth (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Infected by pathogen- stunted growth and leaves become yellow

A

so) leaves become discoloured / yellow so less photosynthesis (1)
(so) not enough glucose to make proteins for growth
or not enough glucose to release energy for growth (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Infected by aphids- stunted growth and yellow leaves

A

which) remove sugars from
phloem (1)
(so) not enough glucose to make proteins for growth
or not enough glucose to release energy for growth (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lack of available light- stunted growth and yellow leaves

A

chlorophyll breaks down
(1)
(so) not enough glucose to make proteins for growth
or not enough glucose to release energy for growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do nodules benefit the bacteria

A

bacteria) obtain glucose / sugar (from the plant)

(glucose used) for respiration or (glucose used) for making other named substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do the nodules benefit the gorse plant

A

gorse plant) obtains nitrate (ions)

needed for amino acids / proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What plant material was chewed as a painkiller

A

Willow bark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Factors which should be controlled by study

A 
BMI / morphology / obesity level
• smoking habits
• diet
• medication
• family history of liver disease
• fitness levels
• ethnicity
• area of UK they live in
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Percentage decrease equation

A

Change(large-smller)/larger number. X100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Aspects of survey that may reduce validity

A

people underestimate /
overestimate alcohol consumption
• people may change (lifestyle / drinking) habits over time
• some people may drink all their weekly alcohol at once

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Effects of liver failure on human body -main points

A
  • no bile made in liver
  • lactic acid not broken down/oxidised
  • proteins/ammino acids not broken down in liver
  • liver does not break downn/remove other toxins(like alcohol)
  • glycoge stores will not be formed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Effect on body of no biile being made

A

fats / lipids are not emulsified
surface area of fats / lipids not increased pH of smallintestine will not be alkaline/neutralised enzymes (in small intestine) will not work effectively or (named) food not digested / absorbed somayloseweight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Effect of lactic acid not broken down/oxidised on body

A

accumulation of lactic acid in blood / body
Lactic acid is toxic or body will be poisoned
o oxygen debt higher/prolonged
o so muscle pain/ fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Effect of proteins/amino acid not being broken down in body

A

amino acids) not deaminated
o amino acids not made into urea or will not form ammonia
o (however)any ammonia formed is toxic
o so accumulation of amino acids in blood / body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Effect of liver not breaking down or removing other toxins such as alcohol on body

A

toxins accumulate in blood / body
o body will be poisoned
o so pain or jaundice or swollen liver or portal
hypertension occurs

33
Q

Glycogen stores will not be formed effect on body

A

cannot control blood glucose

o so hyperglycaemia / hypoglycaemia / diabetes / coma may occur

34
Q

Describe how mAbs and a dluorescent dye could be used to see anycanadia albicans pathogens on a slide

A

bind fluorescent dye to mAbs
put (bound) fluorescent mAbs on the slide (and rinse off)
mAbs will bind to Candida albicans / pathogens and show up under the microscope

35
Q

How will increased phagocytosis of the canadia albicans pathogen will help the patient

A

more Candida albicans / pathogens will be engulfed / killed by phagocytes / white blood cells
therefore less damage to cells / tissues / organs

36
Q

Ways a person with a mild infection of salmonella can help prevent the spread of the bacteria to other people

A 
wash hands after using toilet
/ being sick
or
wash hands before preparing / handling food or
do not prepare food (whilst infected)
• isolate yourself
• disinfect clothes / surfaces
• do not share utensils / cutlery / towels
37
Q

Why might a person with AIDS take longer than a healthy person to recover from a salmonella infection

A

immune system is damaged / weakened or immune system doesn’t function properly
white blood cells cannot kill bacteria / Salmonella (as effectively)

38
Q

How can farmers prevent the transmission of salmonella from chickens to humans

A

give chickens) antibiotics
• don’t sell infected chickens / eggs
• keep infected chickens isolated / indoors
• slaughter the infected chickens

39
Q

Give one change to the investigation that would allow the scientist to check if the results are repeatable

A

repeat and look to see if results are similar

40
Q

Metabolic reaction in cells

A 
respiration
• formation of proteins
• formation / breakdown of
glycogen
• breakdown of (excess)
protein or formation of urea • photosynthesis or formation
of glucose / starch (in plants
41
Q

For experiment by student how many people as a minium

A

Atleast 5 in each in group

42
Q

Why having more red blood cells is an advantage to an athlete

A

more haemoglobin
(therefore) more oxygen can be carried / transported
(for) more (aerobic) respiration of muscle (cells)
or
more energy released for muscle (cells)

43
Q

Compare the structure of an artery with the sturcture of a vein

A

arteries have a thicker layer of muscle (tissue) or veins have a thinner layer of muscle (tissue)
• arteries have a thicker layer of elastic tissue or veins have a thinner layer of elastic tissue
• arteries have a narrower lumen or veins have a wider lumen
• arteries do not have valves and veins have valves

44
Q

What condition may be treated using an artificial pacemaker

A

An irregular heart beat

45
Q

Where is the pacemaker located

A

Right atrium

46
Q

Osmosis explanation

A

-water entered by osmosis
from a dilute solution in the beaker to a more concentrated solution in the egg (cell)
through a partially permeable membrane

47
Q

How to determine conc of solution inside each egg

A 
use five (or more) different concentrations of salt / sugar solution (in beakers)
(by) plotting percentage change (in mass / volume) on / using a graph
determine the concentration where the curve / line crosses the zero percentage change (in mass / volume)
48
Q

Why the mouthpiece of an aphid contains a high conc of dissolved sugars after feeding

A

mouthpiece) has pierced / entered the phloem
or
(the aphid) has been feeding from the phloem

49
Q

How use protein to make specific monoclonal antibody

A

inject the protein / it into a mouse
combine lymphocytes with tumour / cancer cells to make hybridoma (cells)
find a hybridoma which makes a monoclonal antibody specific to PVY
(the scientist) clones (the hybridoma) to produce many cells (to make the antibody

50
Q

Test for protein

A

Buiret

-blue to lilac if positive

51
Q

Why the measurement of the time taken for the indicator to become colourless might become inaccurate

A

observation of colour change is subjective / based on opinion

52
Q

Reslution

A

Ability to distinguish between two or more objects that are close together

53
Q

Why cant see image

A 
-no cells in the field of view
• slide not in the correct position
• mirror not in correct position
• (objective) lens not clicked into place
or
(objective) lens dirty
• (student is) looking at a (large) air bubble
• (the microscope is) not focussed
54
Q

Magnification

A

-how many times larger an image is when seen through a microscope compared to the real object

55
Q

Dependant variable- potato tube experiment

A

% change in mass

56
Q

Control variables for potato tube experiment

A
  • vol solution used
  • same type of potato
  • same duration
  • same temp
57
Q

Safety- potato tube

A

-safetygoggles prevent salt solution entering eyes

58
Q

Why is a certain animal used in an experiment

A
  • small-easy to keep- take up less room

- easy to breed

59
Q

What is the purpose of the knobs

A

to focus (the image / cells)

60
Q

Similarities between rbc and plant cells

A

Both have

  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • pigments (although diff)
61
Q

Diff between rbc and plant cell

A

red blood cell has no nucleus or plant cell has a nucleus
• red blood cell has no cell wall or plant cell has a cell wall
• red blood cell is a biconcave disc or there are many different
shapes of plant cell
• red blood cell contains haemoglobin or plant cells do not contain
haemoglobin
• red blood cells do not contain chlorophyll or plant cells (may)
contain chlorophyll
• red blood cell has no chloroplasts or plant cell has chloroplasts • red blood cell has no (permanent) vacuole or plant cell has
(permanent) vacuole
• red blood cells are (much) smaller than plant cells

62
Q

Aseptic techniques

A

sterilise equipment / surfaces (before use)
• (use) sterilised agar
• secure lid of the Petri dish with (adhesive) tape
• only lift lid of Petri dish a little (when setting up plate)
or lift lid of Petri dish at an angle (when setting up plate)

63
Q

How to improve experiment w/ antibiotic experiment

A 
repeat and calculate a mean
• repeat and eliminate
anomalies
• use a control disc
• use different types of bacteria
64
Q

Explain the financial impact on the uk economy of increasing number of people who are obese

A

costs the NHS / UK health service / Government / hospitals
more money
(because need to pay for) additional surgery / medication / hospital stay to treat stroke / diabetes
or
more time off work (if in hospital / unwell) (1)
(so) employer / Government have to give financial support (1

65
Q

How could arthritus affect a person’s lifestyle

A 
movement issues
• loss of job / income
• disability
• mental health impact of lack
of movement
or
mental health impact of pain
• need to visit the doctor / take
medication regularly
• may need surgery
66
Q

Health conditions might develop if person consumes diet high in sat fat

A 
type 2 diabetes 
CVD / CHD
                                 or
heart attack / disease
or
stroke
67
Q

Uses of energy released in respiration

A

movement / muscle contraction
• keeping warm
• active transport
• building larger molecules

68
Q

Diff between aerobic and anearobc respiration

A

anaerobic produces lactic
acid and aerobic does not
• aerobic produces carbon dioxide and anaerobic does not
• aerobic produces water and anaerobic does not
• aerobic occurs (mainly) in the mitochondria and anaerobic does not
• anaerobic releases less energy than aerobic

69
Q

Products of anaerobic respiration in plant cells

A

Carbon dioxide

Ethanol

70
Q

Why does the conc of carbon dioxide in the tube stay the same (when pond snail and plant are present)

A

pondweed takes in CO2 for photosynthesis

snail and pondweed are respiring producing CO2

71
Q

Why the conc of co2 increased (when light covered, plant and snail present)

A 
no light so) no photosynthesis or
plant is not taking in CO2
and
snail and plant are respiring and
so are releasing CO2
72
Q

Why the death of the snail caused the conc of co2 to increase

A

snail is being decayed / decomposed / broken down

by) decomposers / bacteria (in pond water / snail
(therefore) respiration (of decomposers / bacteria) releases CO2

73
Q

Explain how amylase breaks down starch

A

starch / substrate binds to active site (of enzyme)
(because) shape of active site and substrate are complementary
a chemical reaction occurs to produce smaller molecules or
bonds between the (starch) molecules are broken to produce smaller molecules

74
Q

Control variables in efefct of ph on amylase

A 
time before mixing (starch
and amylase) solutions
• volume / 5 cm3 of starch
(solution)
• volume / 1 cm3 of amylase
(solution)
• volume / 1 drop of mixture
added to spotting tile
• volume / 2 drops of iodine
(solution)
75
Q

Why at 5 degrees is there no enzymatic activity

A

at 5 °C amylase / starch / molecules have low (kinetic) energy
(therefore) there are fewer (enzyme-substrate) collisions

76
Q

Describe the student could exend the investigation to determine the effect of a diff factor on amylase activity

A

Keep temp constant
-change named factor
AND
-test range of values of named factpr

77
Q

Which cell structure in a leaf mesophyll cell is not found in a root hair cell

A

Chloroplasts

78
Q

Why is it dangerous for a patient with group a to recieve rbc from a donor w/ blood group b

A

anti-B antibodies in patient / receiver / recipient
will bind to type B antigens on person’s / donor’s red blood cells
(so) red blood cells clump together and are wider than capillaries
or
(so) red blood cells clump together and block capillaries
(so) cells have reduced supply of oxygen / glucose
or
(so) cells can’t respire

79
Q

What enzyme needs bile to neutralise stomach acid

A

Lipase

Biology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions