Communicable and non-communicable diseases Flashcards
What are communicable diseases spread by?
Pathogens such as bacteria and viruses
What is health defined as?
The state of physical and mental wellbeing
How can diseases create a higher risk of catching other diseases?
Some diseases such as HIV can cause a defective or weakened immune system which causes you to be more successptible to becoming ill
How can one disease be the cause of another?
The HPV is extremely common and is usually harmless but it can cause cervical cancer If it spreads to the cells in the cervix
How can a disease be triggered by the immune system?
As the immune system fights of a pathogen it leaves the human with an allergy
How can a physical illness cause a mental illness?
Arthritis causes joint and muscle pain which limits people mobility and can cause them to become lonely and isolated
What does a correlation show?
A correlation does not prove a cause it only suggests that they might be linked
What is a causal mechanism?
When scientists research how a factor could cause a disease
How may causal mechanisms be made accurately?
When scientists sample, they must ensure to perform a large test of people from different areas to ensure the tests isn’t biased and more accurately represents the population
How can diet result in a higher chance of disease?
A diet that is high in fat and low in vegetables increases the levels of cholesterol in the blood, which increases the rate that fatty materials build up in the arteries
A diet high in salt can increase blood pressure which increases the chance of developingf cardiovascular diseases
How can smoking result in a higher chance of disease?
Smoking massively increases the chance of cardiovascular disease and the chance of lung cancer as it contains chemicals called carcinogens which can trigger cancer
How can smoking and alcohol result in a birth defect?
Smoking when pregnant increases the risk of miscarriage and premature birth
Drinking alcohol whilst pregnant can cause fetal alcohol syndrome which can cause the baby to have mental and physical problems
How can drinking effect the rate of certain diseases?
Adults who drink excessively increase the risk of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer and can also affect brain causing memory loss
How can obesity cause a higher risk of disease?
People with obesity have a much higher chance of developing type 2 diabetes which is a very serious disease and can result in blindness or the amputation of a limb
