Common Surgical Problems in the Neonate Flashcards
What are the most common surgical problems in a neonate?
- Meconium Ileus
- Malrotation
- Jejunal Atresia
- Inguinal Hernia
- Necrotising Enterocolitis
Why do newborn babies get sick?
- premature babies
- Babies born with a congenital “something”
How can prematurity cause problems in the bowel?
- bowel wall not sturdy enough to be used at preterm age
=> often perforate and release gas
HOw can a bowel perforation due to prematurity be identified on a neonatal abdominal XRay?
- outlined liver (due to gas around it)
- Bubbles of gas in pelvis (bowel herniation)
- Portal gas in biliary tree
- train track bowel wall => gas on both sides
What condition in neonates is characterised by perforation on XRay?
Necrotising Enterocolitis
How are babies with Necrotising Enterocolitis fed?
- Special feeds (mother’s milk is best)
- can use NG or IV feeds
How does an obstruction in newborns occur and how is it identified?
- due to congenital abnormality
- problem with feeding normally identified
Where can a blockage occur in neonates?
- in the lumen
- in wall of bowel
- outside of bowel
A baby is keen to feed, yet by 48 hours shows signs of bilious vomiting and is bringing their feed back up.
They have yet to pass their first bowel movement and their abdomen is distended.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Meconium Ileus (intralumenal cause) - if not yet passed first bowel movement, then it may be stuck in ileum
What investigations should be considered if there is suspicion of meconium ileus?
- FLuroscopy (contrast used with XRay)
- Lower GI contrast given (=> inserted upwards via rectum)
What can be seen on fluroscopy in Meconium Ileus
- Large bowel (colon) may appear small as it has never been filled
- Large dilated small bowel loops
- Some small contracted bowel
- Patchy appearance of ileum
How is a baby’s tummy described on examination if they have meconium ileus?
- “doughy” on palpation due to distension
What condition is meconium ileus commonly associated with?
- Cystic fibrosis (due to increased secretions)
- 1/3 of babies will present with this and not respiratory problems
How can a fluoroscopy be useful in meconium ileus?
- Contrast fluid can be useful in lubricating bowel to allow meconium to move
What treatment is used for meconium ileus if fluroscopy is NOT successful at moving the meconium?
- Surgery
- Temporary Stoma