Common Stains Used For Microscopic Visualization Flashcards
Most commonly used stain in clin. Microbiology lab.
Gram stain
What are the sequential components of gram stain?
V- crystal violet (primary)
I- Gram Iodine (mordant/fixative)
A- Acetone alcohol (decolorizer)
S- Safranin (counterstain)
T or F
In gram stain, crystal violet is the primary stain. It should be done in 1 min.
Both statements are True
In Gram stain, what is the mordant/fixative? How long does it take?
Gram iodine-1 minute
T or F
Alcohol acetone is the decolorizer in gram stain, and it should be done quickly and need to rinse.
True
Couterstain in gram stain.
Safranin (30s)
T or F
In gram stain (rinsing with water between in each step is not necessarily.
False- it is required
(Gram stain)
Bacteria is initially stain ___ by the crystal violet, which is bound to the cell wall with the aid of ____
Purple, iodine
(Gram stain)
When decolorizer applied to gram ____ type of cell wall structure, the ______ ______ wash out of the cell.
Negative, crystal violet
Why is Gram negative color pink in gram staining?
Because the decolorizer washed out the primary stain, which Safranin serves as counter stains, who takes up the color pink by gram-negative bacteria.
T or F
(Gram stain)
Gram positive will retain the primary crystal violet stain during decolorizing treatment and appear purple.
True
T or F
(Gram stain)
Cells in direct smear from a patient specimen, like epithelial cells, WBC, RBC should appear purple (positive) if gram stain was performed correctly.
False pink (negative)
4 major steps in staining.
Primary stain
Mordant stain
Decolorization
Counter/secondary stain
Stain that enhances the primary stain to absorb properly.
Mordant stain
Remove the primary stain and most crucial.
Decolorization
Fix the smear and slides
Fixation
General rule:
All cocci are gram positive except
Neisseria, Moraxella, Veillonella
(They are gram negative)
(MNeV)
General rule:
All bacilli are negative except
“BLLaCCMENPro” (positve bacilli)
- Bacillus
- Listeria
- Lactobacillus
- Clostridium
- Corynebacterium
- Mycobacterium
- Erysipelothrix
- Nocardia
- Propionibacterium
Stains that are used to stain bacteria that have high lipid and wax content in their cell walls and do not stain in traditional stain.
Acid-fast stain
Four sequential stains in Acid fast stain.
-Carbolfuchsin (red/pink dye) (primary stain)
-Hot method and detergent (mordan stain)
- Acid Alcohol decolorizer
-methylene blue (counter stain)/ malchite green alternative
2 mordant stain of acid fast.
Hot method (steam)
Cold method (detergent)
Other terms of 2 mordant stains in acid fast.
Hot method (Ziehl-Neelsen method)
Cold method (Kinyoun method)
What happened to non acid fast bacteria if stain in acid fast stain?
It will decolorize and turn to blue because of the counter stain.
Which statement is/are true?
A. Mycolic acid attracts the stain pink/red of safranin.
B. Often alchol used in acid-fast is HCL.
C. Sulfuric acid is an alternative acid because some bacteria are sensitive to strong acid.
D. Sputum is usually used specimen in acid fast.
All answers are correct
What are the 3 acid fast bacilli?
Mycobacterium
Nocardia
Rhodococcus
Acid fast staining is used to identify_____.
A. Cystoisospera belli
B. Saccharomyces
C. Coccidan parasites
D. Cryptosporidium
All of the above
Other staining metthod used for screening acid fast bacteria.
Fluorochrome
Other terms of fluorochrome
Auramine-rhodamine
T or F
Acid fast bacteria appear red under fluorescent microscope
False -bright yellow or orange
Acredine orange stain is used for what?
Blood culture
What positive color in Acredine orange?
Yellow orange
T or F
Acridine orange stain only in gram positve and only in living bacteria.
False- it can be stained either positive or negative and living or dead
This staining technique binds chitin in the fungal cell wall.
Calcofluor white
What color of calcofluor white allows to visualize fungal structure in microscope.
Bright apple green /blue white
It was original “blueing” used in high volume laundries.
Calcofluor white
Detects the presence of fungi hyphae.
Calcofluor white
Used to detect metachromic granules of Corynebacterium dipththeriae.
Methylene blue
Used to stain the cell walls of medically important fungi grown in slide culture.
Lactophenol cotton blue
It is used in negative staining
Indian ink
Used to visualize the capsule surrounding certain yeasts like Cryptococcus spp.
India ink
Common endospore stain
Shaeffer fulton
T or F
The primary stain in endospore stain is methyl blue.
False- it is malachite green
T or F
(Endospore stain)
To heat fix the smear, it takes 5 mins.
True
T or F
(Endospore stain)
The slide must wash about 1min.
False- 30sec.
What is the counter stain in the endospore stain.
Safranin
What is the color of spores in endospore stain?
A. It appears green within pink/red appearing bacterial cells.
B. It appears dark pink in the cell wall of bacteria
C. It appears pink within blue appearing bacteria cell walll
D. It appears green within the blue appearing bacterial cells.
A.
