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AGACNP Board Review > Common Problems > Flashcards

Common Problems Flashcards

1
Q

Pain < 6 mo

A

Acute pain

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2
Q

Pain > 6 mo.

A

Chronic main

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3
Q

6th vital sign

A

Walking/gait speed

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4
Q

Cutaneous pain

A

Localized to skin or surface of body

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5
Q

Visceral pain

A

Internal organ pain (PUD, Gallbladder)

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6
Q

Somatic pain

A

Not localized- pain in muscle, bone, nerves, blood vessels and supporting tissue

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7
Q

Step 1 of WHO ladder meds

A

ASA
ACETAMINOPHEN
NSAIDs
ADJUVANTS

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8
Q

Step 2 of WHO Ladder meds

A

Step 1 +

Codeine
Hydrocodone
Oxycodone
Dihydricodeine
Tramadol
+ adjuvant

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9
Q

Step 3 of WHO Ladder

A

Morphine
Hydromorphone
Methadone
Levorphanol
Fentanyl
Oxycodone
+ non opioid analgesic
+ adjuvant

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10
Q

What should be used for break though cancer pain

A

Fentanyl patches for sustained release

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11
Q

Metastatic bone pain management includes

A

Biphosphonates ( inhibit bone transcription by reducing osteoclast apoptosis and therefore prevents development of cancer induced bone lesions)

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12
Q

Skin intact with erythema that does not blanch

A

Stage 1 pressure injury

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13
Q

Partial thickness loss with exposed dermis

A

Stage 2 pressure ulcer

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14
Q

Full thickness skin loss with adipose tissue visible.

A

Stage 3 pressure injury

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15
Q

Full thickness skin and tissue loss. Exposed fascia, muscle, tendon, ligaments or bone

A

Stage 4 pressure injury

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16
Q

What type of dressing for pressure injuries

A

Hydrocolloid dressing

17
Q

What 3 labs have values of 3.5-5

A

Albumin
Potassium
Phosphorus

18
Q

Worst possible outcome of pressure ulcer

A

Death

19
Q

Worst complication of pressure ulcer

A

Osteomyelitis

20
Q

Fever definition

A

Body temp > 37 C

21
Q

Causes of fever

A
  1. Bacterial, viral, rickettsia, fungal or parasitic infections
  2. Autoimmune dx
  3. CNS disease
  4. Malignant neoplasticism dx
  5. Hematologic dx
  6. CV disease
  7. GI dx ( IBD, alcohol hepatitis)
  8. Endocrine dx
  9. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
22
Q

Increase in antipsychotic meds or decrease in dopaminergic meds can lead to

A

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

23
Q

Succylcholine - relaxes laryngeal muscles for intubation can cause

A
  • high fevers
  • contraindicated in Hyperkalemia
24
Q

Treatment for fever

A

Fluids
Antipyretics
Treat underlying cause

25
Q

Non infectious post op fever causes

A

Atelectasis
Dehydration
Drug reaction- *Beta lactam antibiotics

26
Q

Infectious causes of post op fever

A

Usually a subjective complaint
WBC elevation with left shift (bandemia)
Surgical incision
IV sites
Catheters
Utinary tract
Sinusitis
Abscess

27
Q

With no known infection, first treatment to post op fever

A

Hydration
Incentive spirometer

28
Q

Mylanta is high in

A

Magnesium

29
Q

Citrical is high

A

High in calcium

30
Q

Enteral vs parental

A

Can use Gut vs contraindication for gut use

31
Q

Enteral
Enterostomal vs nasoenteric

A

Supplemental for < 6 wks vs > 6 wks

32
Q

Risk for aspiration…. A duodenal tube vs

A

Nasogastric tube

33
Q

Tpn has

A

Glucose
Electrolytes

34
Q

> d 10 glucose for TPN requires a

A

Central line

35
Q

Complications of enteral nutrition support

A

Aspiration
Diarrhea
Hypernatremia
Dehydration
Feeding syndrome: hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, thymine deficiency

36
Q

What usually helps with diarrhea with Enteral support

A

Switching from bolus to continuous feeds
Examining concentration of feeds
Slowing down feeding rate

37
Q

Complications of parenteral nutritional support

A

Pneumothorax
Hemothorax
Air embolus
Hyperglycemia
HHS
Catheter thrombus
Catheter sepsis

38
Q

What position should you place your patient if they have an air embolus

A

Left lateral decubitus position

39
Q

Cachexia

A

Muscle wasting

AGACNP Board Review (9 decks)

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