Cardiovascula Flashcards
Atrioventricular (AV) valves
Tricuspid
Mitral
Semilunar valves
Aortic
Pulmonary
In S1 which valves are open?
Seimilunar valves
(Aortic/pulmonic valves)
In S2 which valves are open
AV valves
( mitral/tricuspid valves)
S3 sounds like________ and is a sign of
“Ken-tuck-y”
Increased fluid state
S4 sounds like ________” and is an indication of
“Ten-ne-ssee”
Stiff ventricular wall
(Ex. MI, LV hypertrophy, chronic HTN)
A barely audible murmur is classified as a
1/6
Loudest murmur murmur is classified as
6/6
Loud murmur associated with a THRILL is classified as
4/6
Moderately loud and easily heard murmur
3/6
A murmur in the 5th ICS (APEX) is a
Mitral
2nd or 3rd ICS murmur =Base =
Aortic
Diastolic Murmur acronym
MITRAL
STENOSIS
AORTIC
REGURGITAION
DIASTOLIC
Systolic Murmur acronym
MITRAL
REGURGITATION
AORTIC
STENOSIS
SYSTOLIC
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction has an EF of
EF < 40%
Heart failure with mildly improved ejection fraction has an EF of
<40 and now >40
Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction has an EF of
EF 41%-49%
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction has an EF (diastolic) of
LVEF > 50%
S/s of left heart failure
SoB
S3 gallop
Frothy cough
S/s of Right heart failure
JVD
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
Dependent edema
NY Heart failure functional classifications
Class 1- no limitation with activity
Class 2- slight limitation, comfortable @ rest
Class 3- Marked limitation, comfortable @ rest
Class 4- severe limitation with activity
Diagnostic test for heart failure
Echocardiogram
What medications are FIRST CHOICE treatments for ALL Classes of HF?
Diuretics
HFrEf next line treatment agents
Ace inhibitors “pril”
ARBS “sartan”
SGLT2: “flozin”
HFpEf next line treatment agents
SGLT2
ARBs
ARNI
MRA
Most common cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Lest common cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Scarring and stiffening
3 drug combo for most patients with HF
Diuretic
Ace or Arb
Beta blocker
Normal BP
SBP <120
DBP < 80
Stage 1 HTN parameters
SBP- 130-139
DBP- 80-89
Stage 2 HTN
SBP >140 or
DBP >90
AV nicking is seen in the
Eyes of people with diabetes
African American HTN management
Thiazide diuretic
CCB
Standard of care for diabetics with HTN is to treat them with an
ACEI or ARB
Standard of care for CKD with HTN is to treat them with an
ACEI
Patient is on either and ACEI OR AN ARB which electrolyte should we be watching ?
Potassium
Hypertensive urgency BP & treatment
180/110
Clonidine (Catapres)
Hypertensive emergency BP & treatment
180/120
ICU admission with nicardepine drip
Centrally acting agonist medication used to treat HTN urgency
Clonidine(catopres)
Total cholesterol should be
<200
LDL should be
<100
HDL should be
> 60
Starting statins you should watch for what labs
LFTs
First line treatment for the treatment of hypertension in pregnancy
Labetalol and nifedipine
