Anemia review Flashcards
MCV < 80 Is what type of anemia
Microcytic Anemia
MCV > 100 is what type of Anemia
Macrocytic anemia
what 2 disorders have are microcytic hypochromic anemias
Iron decifiency and thalassemnia
what 2 deficiencies are macrocytic normochromic ?
B12 and folate deficiencies
Normochromic values
32- 36
Normocytic anemias are anemias of
chronic disease
sickle cell, renal failure, blood loss, hemolysis
what is the most common type of anemia
Iron deficiency
Causes of iron deficiency anemia
BLOOD LOSS, inadequate iron intake, impaired absorption of iron.
Common s/s of Iron deficiency anemia
- Pica ( unusual food craving)
- Fatigue, weakness
usually seen when HCT drops
HCT measures
the percent of a given volume of whole blood that is occupied by erythrocytes. Plasma to total RBC mass ( RBC concentration)
Labs/diagnostics of Iron deficiency anemia
Low- Hgb, HCT, MCV, MCHC, RBC, iron
**Low ferritin
** HIGH TIBC
** HIGH RDW
Management of Iron deficiency anemia
Ferrous sulfate 300- 325 mg
what should you teach your patient about taking iron
- take 1-2 hrs after eating
- may cause constipation and dyspepsia/indigestion
- vitamin c increases absorption and avoid antacids (interfere with absorption).
Foods high in iron
- green leafy veggies, red meat, raisins, iron fortified breads/cereal
Thalassemia
genetically inherited dirsorder that results in low hgb production
Thalasemmia is mostly found in which group of people
- Mediterranean, african, middle eastern, indian, & asian populations
s/s of thalassemia
generally unremarkable
what type of thlassemia is the most common
- Beta thalassemia
Thalassemia minor
has 1 copy of beta thalassemia gene and 1 normal beta chain gene
- most commonly seen in pracitce
- mimics iron deficiency anemia
Thalassemia Major aka
Cooley’s Anemia
- usually found in children and is a “major” problem
- they have 2 genes for beta thalassemia and no normal beta chain causing a striking deficiency in beta chain production and hb
Labs/diagnostics in Beta thalassemia
- LOW- Hgb, MCV, MCHC,
**Normal- TIBC
** Normal Ferritiin
** Decreased alpha or Beta chains
Management of Thalassemia
- No treatment of mild, moderate forms
Folate is needed to produce
RBCs
Folic acid deficiency is caused by
an inadequate intake/malabsorption of folic acid
Are there any neuro syptoms in folic acid deficiencies
NO
s/s of folic acid deficiency
- Fatigue
- glossitis (big beefy tongue)
- aphthous ulcers (mouth sores)
labs/diagnostics of iron deficiency anemia
LOW- Hgb, RBC, folate
HIGH- MCV
NORMAL- MCHC
manangement of folic acid deficiency
Folate 1 mg PO everyday
foods high in folic acid
Banana, peanut butter, fish, green leafy veggies, iron fortified breads/cereals.
Pernicious anemia
anemia due to deficiency in intrinsic factor which results in malabsorption of b12
Intrinsic factor is a
protein that helps your intestines absorb vitamin B12.
s/s of Pernicious anemia
** Has neuro syptoms*
- parasthesia
- loss of vibratory sense
- loss of fine motor control
- positive romberg
- positive babinski
weakness
Glossitis
anorexia
labs/diagnositic
LOW- Hgb, Hct, RBC, serum B12 (<200)
HIGH- MCV
Anti- IF and anti parietal cell antibody tests needed
Management
B12 IM injection daily x1 week…then 1x/ month
** will receive treatment for LIFFFEEEE**
Anemia of chronic disease
chronic normocytic
normochromic anemia associated with chronic inflammation, infection, renal failure, and malignancy
This anemia is generally the second most common overall and most common in the elderly and hospitalized patients
anemia of chronic disease
lab/diagnostics in Anemia of chronic disease
- LOW- Hgb, HCT
Normal- MCV, MCHC
HIGH- serum ferritin
management of Anemia of chronic disease
- treat underlying cause
- nutritional support
- Epoetin Alpa (Epogen)
