Anemia review

Question 1

MCV < 80 Is what type of anemia

Answer 1

Microcytic Anemia

Question 2

MCV > 100 is what type of Anemia

Answer 2

Macrocytic anemia

Question 3

what 2 disorders have are microcytic hypochromic anemias

Answer 3

Iron decifiency and thalassemnia

Question 4

what 2 deficiencies are macrocytic normochromic ?

Answer 4

B12 and folate deficiencies

Question 5

Normochromic values

Answer 5

32- 36

Question 6

Normocytic anemias are anemias of

Answer 6

chronic disease

sickle cell, renal failure, blood loss, hemolysis

Question 7

what is the most common type of anemia

Answer 7

Iron deficiency

Question 8

Causes of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 8

BLOOD LOSS, inadequate iron intake, impaired absorption of iron.

Question 9

Common s/s of Iron deficiency anemia

Answer 9

• Pica ( unusual food craving)
• Fatigue, weakness
  usually seen when HCT drops

Question 10

HCT measures

Answer 10

the percent of a given volume of whole blood that is occupied by erythrocytes. Plasma to total RBC mass ( RBC concentration)

Question 11

Labs/diagnostics of Iron deficiency anemia

Answer 11

Low- Hgb, HCT, MCV, MCHC, RBC, iron

**Low ferritin
** HIGH TIBC
** HIGH RDW

Question 12

Management of Iron deficiency anemia

Answer 12

Ferrous sulfate 300- 325 mg

Question 13

what should you teach your patient about taking iron

Answer 13

• take 1-2 hrs after eating
• may cause constipation and dyspepsia/indigestion
• vitamin c increases absorption and avoid antacids (interfere with absorption).

Question 14

Foods high in iron

Answer 14

• green leafy veggies, red meat, raisins, iron fortified breads/cereal

Question 15

Thalassemia

Answer 15

genetically inherited dirsorder that results in low hgb production

Question 16

Thalasemmia is mostly found in which group of people

Answer 16

• Mediterranean, african, middle eastern, indian, & asian populations

Question 17

s/s of thalassemia

Answer 17

generally unremarkable

Question 18

what type of thlassemia is the most common

Answer 18

• Beta thalassemia

Question 19

Thalassemia minor

Answer 19

has 1 copy of beta thalassemia gene and 1 normal beta chain gene

• most commonly seen in pracitce
• mimics iron deficiency anemia

Question 20

Thalassemia Major aka

Answer 20

Cooley’s Anemia

• usually found in children and is a “major” problem
• they have 2 genes for beta thalassemia and no normal beta chain causing a striking deficiency in beta chain production and hb

Question 21

Labs/diagnostics in Beta thalassemia

Answer 21

• LOW- Hgb, MCV, MCHC,

**Normal- TIBC
** Normal Ferritiin
** Decreased alpha or Beta chains

Question 22

Management of Thalassemia

Answer 22

• No treatment of mild, moderate forms

Question 23

Folate is needed to produce

Answer 23

RBCs

Question 24

Folic acid deficiency is caused by

Answer 24

an inadequate intake/malabsorption of folic acid

Question 25

Are there any neuro syptoms in folic acid deficiencies

Answer 25

NO

Question 26

s/s of folic acid deficiency

Answer 26

• Fatigue
• glossitis (big beefy tongue)
• aphthous ulcers (mouth sores)

Question 27

labs/diagnostics of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 27

LOW- Hgb, RBC, folate
HIGH- MCV
NORMAL- MCHC

Question 28

manangement of folic acid deficiency

Answer 28

Folate 1 mg PO everyday

Question 29

foods high in folic acid

Answer 29

Banana, peanut butter, fish, green leafy veggies, iron fortified breads/cereals.

Question 30

Pernicious anemia

Answer 30

anemia due to deficiency in intrinsic factor which results in malabsorption of b12

Question 31

Intrinsic factor is a

Answer 31

protein that helps your intestines absorb vitamin B12.

Question 32

s/s of Pernicious anemia

Answer 32

** Has neuro syptoms*
- parasthesia
- loss of vibratory sense
- loss of fine motor control
- positive romberg
- positive babinski

weakness
Glossitis
anorexia

Question 33

labs/diagnositic

Answer 33

LOW- Hgb, Hct, RBC, serum B12 (<200)
HIGH- MCV

Anti- IF and anti parietal cell antibody tests needed

Question 34

Management

Answer 34

B12 IM injection daily x1 week…then 1x/ month

** will receive treatment for LIFFFEEEE**

Question 35

Anemia of chronic disease

Answer 35

chronic normocytic
normochromic anemia associated with chronic inflammation, infection, renal failure, and malignancy

Question 36

This anemia is generally the second most common overall and most common in the elderly and hospitalized patients

Answer 36

anemia of chronic disease

Question 37

lab/diagnostics in Anemia of chronic disease

Answer 37

• LOW- Hgb, HCT
  Normal- MCV, MCHC
  HIGH- serum ferritin

Question 38

management of Anemia of chronic disease

Answer 38

• treat underlying cause
• nutritional support
• Epoetin Alpa (Epogen)