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Bio-23L > common Lab terms > Flashcards

common Lab terms Flashcards

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1
Q

When looking at a specimen with the 10x lens 1 unit is equal to how many micrometers?

A

10Micro meters

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2
Q

When looking at a specimen with the 100x lens 1 unit = how many micrometers?

A

1.0 micrometers

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3
Q

When looking at a specimen with the 20x lens 1 unit= how many micrometers?

A

5 micrometers

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4
Q

when viewing a specimen under the 40x lens 1 unit = how many micrometers?

A

2.5 micrometers

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5
Q

Shape of a spiral bacteria?

A

Curved/ Round

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6
Q

Shape of a coccibacilli?

A

short rods

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7
Q

Shape of bacilli?

A

Rods

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8
Q

Shape of cocci?

A

Spheres

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9
Q

The Dark field filter can be used on what magnifications?

A

4x, 10x, 20x, 40x

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10
Q

The process of endospore formation within a vegetative cell is known as?

A

Sporulation Sporogenesis

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11
Q

Describe Coliforms?

A

Non-sporing, gram negative facultative anaerobes which ferment lactose to produce gas.

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12
Q

Culture Medium?

A

A nutrient material prepared for the growth of microorganisms.

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13
Q

Describe Inoculum?

A

Microbes that are introduced into a culture medium to initiate growth.

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14
Q

Culture?

A

The microbes that grow and multiply in or on a culture medium.

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15
Q

Selective media?

A

Compounds which limit the growth of some groups and allows growth of others. (Allows selection from a mixed sample of bacteria)

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16
Q

Differential media?

A

Incorporate compounds so the organism of interest has a specific appearance and can be differentiated from other species. (E.g. One species may turn color and other is colorless)

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17
Q

How do alcohols kill bacteria? Which type is superior?

A

Kill bacteria and fungi not endospore or noneveloped viruses by protein denaturation. Isopropanol is superior

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18
Q

Define Morphology?

A

The ID and description of an organism

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19
Q

A Mordant is?

A

A chemical added to enhance the stain. It coats a specific structure.

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20
Q

What charge do basic dyes have? name the dyes?

A

(+) charge, Crystal violet, methylene blue, malachite green, safranin

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21
Q

What charge do Acidic dyes have? examples?

A

(-) Charge Allows us to view cell shape, size and capsules. Eosin, Acid fuchsin, nigrosin

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22
Q

How long do you let a disinfectant solution sit?

A

20 minutes

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23
Q

When viewing a specimen with the 4x lens 1 unit= how many micrometers?

A

25micrometers

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24
Q

Endo Agar

A

Used to determine the presence of enteric bacteria and differentiates the coliforms from noncoliforms. Heavy lactose fermenters produce a metallic green sheen.

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25
Q

Eosin Methylene Blue agar

A

Selective and differentia medium used for isolation and differentiation among enterobacteriaceae (Gut bacteria) Gram (-) rods.

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26
Q

Most Probable Number?

A

To evaluate/ Look for the presence of fecal bacterial coliforms in a sample of H2O or any microbial reservoir.

27
Q

Coliforms?

A

Are non-sporing, Gram-, facultative anaerobes which ferment lactose to produce gas.

28
Q

Which agar type would be used to determine the presence of enteric bacteria and differentiates the coliforms from non coliforms ?

A

Endo agar

29
Q

Mycolic Acid?

A

Lipids on the cell envelope that is found in bacteria that cause leprosy and TB

30
Q

Sepsis means?

A

Growth

31
Q

A smear is?

A

To fix the bacteria to the slide

32
Q

Gram stain determines?

A

What type of cell wall structure is present

33
Q

Capsule stain determines?

A

If a capsule is present

34
Q

Acid-fast stain determines?

A

if a bacteria has mycolic acid in its cell wall

35
Q

Endospore stain determines?

A

existence of spores, shape and location of the spore

36
Q

When bacteria line up like a fence its called?

A

Palisading

37
Q

Different or irregular shaped bacteria are called?

A

Pleomorphic

38
Q

Bacteria that utilize carbon dioxide as their source are called?

A

Autotrophs

39
Q

Bacteria that require organic molecule for its carbon source are called?

A

Heterotroph

40
Q

Organisms that have pigments to use solar energy are called?

A

photoautotrophs

41
Q

Organisms which oxidize simple inorganic molecules like nitrate or sulfide and fix carbon dioxide are called?

A

Chemoautotrophs

42
Q

Chemohetrotrophs?

A

Get energy from food consumed (organic compounds) Humans are these.

43
Q

Organisms that oxidize simple inorganic molecules such as nitrate or sulfide and fix carbon dioxide?

A

Chemoautotrophs.

44
Q

Chemicals which inhibit the growth of bacteria are called? ?

A

Bacteriostatic

45
Q

Chemicals that kill bacteria are called?

A

Bactericidal

46
Q

Disinfectants are used on?

A

Non-living surfaces

47
Q

Antiseptics are used on?

A

Living tissues

48
Q

SAB plates are used for what?

A

Molds and fungi

49
Q

How do you determine the # of CFU’s on a countable plate?

A

of colonies x Dilution

50
Q

How long do you wash your hands?

A

20 seconds

51
Q

Slant Surfaces are used because?

A

Provides larger surface area for culturing cells.

52
Q

If cultures need to maintained for some time what would you use and why?

A

Slant, Slants do not dry out as fast as plates however, its more difficult to detect contamination using slants.

53
Q

How do you describe growth on a agar plate?

A

Age, Color, Density (Opaque=blacked out), size(diameter), Configuration (round, raised, wrinkled), Margin (smooth,rough,thread like), Elevation, Texture

54
Q

Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA)

A

A special agar used to prevent the inhibition of some antibiotics.

55
Q

The Units for MPN

A

CFU’s/100mL

56
Q

What is the ionic charge on the chromophore of a stain that does not pass through cell walls and plasma membranes?

A

Negative charge

57
Q

How do you write the name of an organism?

A

EG. (S. epi) Cap first letter and Underline

58
Q

Microbial Reservoir?

A

Where infectious agents can multiply. Natural: Humans, water, soil and animals.

59
Q

Whats the purpose of the Soil, water, and food test?

A

To determine the number of bacteria in different reservoirs in the environment.

60
Q

In the water sample lab we used 9 tubes with 3 dilutions. What is the presumptive test objective?

A

If we had lactose fermentors in our sample. The presence of gas bubbles in the durham tube confirmed results.

61
Q

In the water sample lab we completed the presumptive test and used the MPN chart to help distinguish bacterial amounts. The second part of the Lab was the confirming test…which did ????

A

Took sample from a positive test tube and spread it on a EMB plate agar to determine countable colonies on the plate.
EMB plate- Eosin Methylene blue Agar- Both selective and differentiation for gut bacteria. allows growth of gram -

62
Q

Equation for serial dilution?

A

Previous concentration X units transfered/total units= new concentration.

63
Q

Describe the Acid fast stain

A
  1. Clean slide, drop of egg albumin, add bacteria and heat fix.
  2. Apply paper towel, Saturate with Carbol Fuchsin and heat 2 minutes.
  3. Remove paper towel, rinse with acidic alcohol (10-20sec)
  4. Rinse ć H2O, counter stain with Methylene Blue.

Bio-23L (6 decks)

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