common foot problems

Question 1

plantar fasciitis

Answer 1

inflammation of the plantar fascia

Question 2

what is the plantar fascia

Answer 2

thick connective tissue

attaches to calcaneus at heel, travels along sole of foot and branches out to connect to flexor tendons of toes

Question 3

plantar fasciitis presentation

Answer 3

gradual onset of plain on plantar aspect of heel

pain worse with pressure

tenderness on palpation

Question 4

plantar fasciitis management

Answer 4

rest
ice
analgesia - NSAIDs
physio 
steroid injections
extracorporeal shockwave therapy 
surgery

Question 5

fat pad atrophy causees

Answer 5

• can occur with age
• inflammation from repetitive impact
• local steroid injections to treat plantar fasciitis

Question 6

fat pad atrophy presentation

Answer 6

pain and tenderness over plantar aspect heel

symptoms worse with activity

Question 7

fat pad atrophy Ix

Answer 7

thickness of fat pad can be measured with USS

Question 8

fat pad atrophy x

Answer 8

comfortable shoes
custom insoles
adapting activities
weight loss

Question 9

Morton’s neuroma

Answer 9

dysfunction of a nerve in the intermetatarsal space towards top of foot

usually between 3rd and 4th metatarsals

Question 10

Morton’s neuroma sauses

Answer 10

irritation of nerve relating to biomechanics of foot

high-heels or narrow shoes may exacerbate it

Question 11

Morton’s neuroma typical symptoms

Answer 11

pain at front of foot at lesion
sensation of a lump
numbness, burning, parasthesia

Question 12

Morton’s neuroma - testing for it

Answer 12

deep pressure causes pain
metatatsal squeeze test
mulder’s click

Question 13

Morton’s neuroma Ix

Answer 13

USS

MRI

Question 14

Morton’s neuroma management optoins

Answer 14

activity adaption 
analgesia
insoles
weight loss
steroid injections
radiofrequency abltation 
surgery - excision

Question 15

hallux valgus

Answer 15

bunions

Question 16

what is hallux valgus/bunions

Answer 16

bony lump created by a deformity at MTP as base big toe

1st metatarsal becomes medially angled, big toe becomes angled laterally and MTP becomes inflamed and enlarged

Question 17

hallux valgus/bunions Ix

Answer 17

weight-bearing x-ray can assess extent

Question 18

hallux valgus/bunions conservative management

Answer 18

wide, comfortable shoes
analgesia
bunion pads

Question 19

hallux valgus/bunions definitive treatment

Answer 19

surgery - realign bones and correct deformity

Question 20

claw toe

Answer 20

flexion at proximal and distal IP joints

Question 21

hammer toe

Answer 21

flexion of proximal IP joint

Question 22

mallet toe

Answer 22

flexion at distal IP joint

Question 23

lesser toe deformities - aetiology

Answer 23

imbalance between flexors/extensors
shoe-wear
neurological
RA