Common Clinical Eye Pathologies Flashcards
What does OD, OS and OU mean when talking about eyes
OD = right eye
OS = left eye
OU = both eyes
What areas should the standard eye exam monitor
Tear production and eye lubrication
Sclera
Conjunctivae
Cornea
Anterior and posterior chamber (posterior not so much)
Iris/pupils
Lens
Retina vessels
Optic lens/fovea/macula
Ocular muscles and associated cranial nerves
Cataracts
Opacification of the lens of the eye
leading cause of blindness world wide
Risk factors
- being old
- smoking
- poor sunlight exposure
- low education
- high doses of corticosteroids
- diabetes
- metabolic syndromes
- high does of statins
Treatment = surgery to remove cloudy lens
What is the cup-disc ratio for the optic disc that indicates glaucoma
Greater than 0.5
Macular degeneration
Leading cause of gradual painless loss of central vision
There is a dry (nonexudative) and wet (exudative) forms
- dry often has yellow scattered drusen plaques found in the eye
- wet often has yellow clumped together plaques found in the eye
What is the supplement combinations used for macular degeneration prevention?
1) used for everyone except smokers
- 500 mg vitamin C
- 400 IU vitamin E
- 15 mg beta-carotene*
- 80 mg zinc
- 2 mg copper
2) only smokers
- 500 mg vitamin C
- 400 IU vitamin E
- 25 mg zinc
- 2 mg copper
- 10 mg Lutein
- 2 mg zeaxanthin
How to note corneal abrasions
Use blue light on the eye with a dye and abrasions look yellow- green(shows basement membrane which is yellow)
How does diabetes cause retinopathies?
Vascular endothelial dysfunctions leads to ischemia to increased vascular permeability of the eye vessels
What are the two classifications of retinal detachments?
Rhegematogenous
- there is a hole or tear in the retina.
Nonrhegmatogenous
- caused by leakage or exudatiuon beneath the intact retina
