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GI > colorectal cancer > Flashcards

colorectal cancer Flashcards

1
Q

epidemiology

A
  • most common GI malignancy
  • Increasing in young population
  • 4th most common cancer in uk
  • adenocarcinoma - most common colorectal cancer
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2
Q

what artery supplies sigmoid

A

inferior mesenteric artery

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3
Q

aetiology

A

partly genetic

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4
Q

risk factors (8)

A

age
male
red meat
low fibre
IBD
alcohol
family history
genetics - APC gene + MSH gene

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5
Q

name the genetic risk factors and the cancers associated with

A

FAP - familial adenomatous polyposis - mutated APC gene

HNPCC / lynch syndrome - mutated MSH gene

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6
Q

key presentation

A

right sided:
- often asymptomatic
- weight loss
- iron deficiency
- anaemia
- palpable mass

left sided:
- dark red blood mixed in poo
- changes in bowel habit
- lower abdominal pain/dyscomfort
- bloating

rectal region - MOST COMMON SITE
- abdominal pain
- deep red on surface of stool
- tenesmus

constitutional symptoms:
- fever
- weight loss
- fatigue
- lymphadenopathy

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7
Q

most common site for colorectal cancer to develop

A

rectal region

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8
Q

investigations

A

1st line - digital rectal examination - can see a palpable mass

gold standard - colonoscopy with biopsy

CT/PET for staging of metastases

other:
- tumour marker for tumour cancer - CIA

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9
Q

management

A

surgical resection and chemo
palliative care

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10
Q

prognosis

A

improving over time

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11
Q

monitoring

A

60-75yr olds screened
home test = foecal immunochemical test (FIT test)

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12
Q

name of grading criteria for colorectal cancer

A

dukes criteria
- modified by Astler and Coller in 1954

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13
Q

outline the modified dukes classification system

A

stage A - limited to mucosa

stage B1 - extending to muscular propria but not penetrating through it - nodes not involved

stage B2 - penetrating through muscularis propria - nodes not involved

stage C1 - extending to muscularis propria but not penetrating through it - nodes involved

stage C2 - penetrating through muscularis propria - nodes involved

stage D - distant metastatic spread

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14
Q

most common colorectal cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

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15
Q

tumour marker - investigations

A

CIA

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16
Q

definition

A

Colorectal cancer is a type of malignancy that starts in the colon or rectum. It is a result of uncontrolled cell growth in the lining of the colon or rectum. It may start as benign polyps, which can over time progress to cancerous tumours if not removed

17
Q

heredity syndrome associated w it

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch Syndrome)
Juvenile polyposis
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

18
Q

TNM classification criteria

A
  • replacing dukes

GI (30 decks)

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