Colonisation and Urbanisation Flashcards
When were Māori believed to have arrived in Aotearoa New Zealand
around the 13th century.
When did Abel Tasman have first contact with Māori
1642
Abel Tasman, sighted and briefly encountered Māori on the northern coast of the South Island. However, this initial contact did not lead to sustained interactions or significant European settlement.
Captain Cooks Vogages
1769 - 1777
British explorer Captain James Cook made several voyages to New Zealand, mapping the coastline and making contact with Māori communities. These voyages laid the foundation for future European exploration and interaction
Treaty of Waitangi
1840
The Treaty of Waitangi was signed between representatives of the British Crown and many Māori chiefs. The treaty aimed to establish a partnership between the Māori and the British
First European Settlement
1840
The British established the settlement of Wellington, marking the first permanent European settlement in New Zealand
New Zealand Wars
1840s - 1860s
Conflict erupted between Māori tribes and British colonial forces over land ownership and sovereignty. The wars resulted in significant loss of life, land confiscation, and the imposition of British control over Māori communities.
Pictured: Rangiriri pā, site of New Zealand Wars battle
New Zealand Constitution
1852
The Act established a representative government in New Zealand, introducing provincial councils and a General Assembly, but Māori representation was limited
Land Confiscation
1860s-1870s
The New Zealand government enacted a series of land confiscation policies targeting Māori tribes who were deemed to be in rebellion during the New Zealand Wars. These policies aimed to acquire Māori land for European settlement and to weaken Māori resistance. They were justified by the New Zealand government under various legal mechanisms and legislation, such as the New Zealand Settlements Act 1863 and the Native Land Acts.
Pictured: Parihaka, Taranaki
Native Schools Act
1867
The Native Schools Act was passed, establishing a separate education system for Māori children. The aim was to assimilate Māori into European culture and values, eroding traditional Māori language and culture in the process
Native Land Court
1880s-1930s
The Native Land Court was established, aiming to individualise Māori land titles and facilitate its transfer to European ownership. This process often resulted in the fragmentation of communal landholdings and the loss of Māori land
Women’s Suffrage
1893
New Zealand became the first self-governing nation to grant women the right to vote, marking a significant milestone in women’s rights
Tohunga Suppression Act
1907
The Act prohibited certain traditional Māori healing practices, leading to the suppression of traditional Māori medicine and spirituality
Urbanisation and Cultural Suppression
1930s-1970s
Māori populations increasingly moved from rural areas to urban centres for employment opportunities. This led to the erosion of traditional Māori cultural practices, language, and community structures
Waitangi Tribunal Established
1975
The Waitangi Tribunal was established to address historical Treaty of Waitangi claims and provide a platform for Māori grievances to be heard and addressed. When the Waitangi Tribunal was first established in 1975, it was given the authority to investigate and make recommendations on claims that dated back to 1840—the year the Treaty of Waitangi was signed. This meant that claims related to events, actions, or breaches of the Treaty that occurred between 1840 and the establishment of the Tribunal were eligible for consideration. The Tribunal’s mandate has since been expanded to allow claims to go beyond the initial 1975 cutoff, enabling investigations into more recent events and ongoing issues relating to the Treaty of Waitangi.
Māori Language Act
1992
The Act recognised the importance of the Māori language and aimed to promote its revitalisation and use in official settings.
