Colonialism & Western Intervention Flashcards
Father Alexander de Rhodes
French Jesuit missionary and lexicographer who played a significant role in introducing Christianity to Vietnam and other parts of Southeast Asia during the 17th century. He is renowned for his efforts in developing the Vietnamese writing system based on the Roman alphabet and for his contributions to Vietnamese linguistics.
Quốc Ngữ script
Vietnamese alphabet which adapted the Roman script to accurately represent the sounds of the Vietnamese language, was devised by Father Alexander de Rhodes.
Nguyen O Phap (phrase)
Vietnamese phrase that translates to “Nguyen who favors the French” or “Nguyen who is loyal to the French.” This phrase historically refers to Vietnamese individuals or families who were known for being supportive of the French colonial authorities during the period of French colonization in Vietnam.
Tourane (aka Da Nang)
During the French colonial period, Da Nang was known as Tourane and was an important French military base and port.
Da Nang
Da Nang is situated along the coast of the South China Sea, making it a strategic port city. It is located between the popular tourist destinations of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.
Historically, Da Nang was an important port city during the Champa Kingdom and later became a significant French colonial port under the name Tourane.
Ho Chi Minh
Born as Nguyen Sinh Cung and later known as Nguyen Tat Thanh and Ho Chi Minh, was a Vietnamese revolutionary leader and statesman. He played a crucial role in the founding of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945 and served as the President (1945-1969) and Prime Minister (1946-1955) of North Vietnam. He was a key figure in the Vietnam War and the fight for Vietnamese independence from French colonial rule and later from the United States
Nguyen Sinh Cung
Birth name of revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh
Nguyen Ai Quoc
One of the earlier pseudonyms of Ho Chi Minh, the Vietnamese revolutionary leader and statesman. Translates to Nguyen the Patriot.
Nghe An (Province)
The birthplace of Ho Chi Minh, the revolutionary leader who played a pivotal role in the country’s struggle for independence.
Emperor Bao Dai
Born Prince Nguyen Phuc Vinh Thuy, was the 13th and last emperor of the Nguyen dynasty, which had ruled Vietnam for several centuries. He ruled as Emperor of Annam from 1926 to 1945 and then as the Chief of State of Vietnam from 1949 to 1955. Bao Dai’s reign was marked by significant political changes while attempting to navigate colonial rule and the struggle for Vietnamese independence.
Cao Dai (Religious Movement 1926)
Cao Dai is a syncretic religious movement that originated in Vietnam in the early 20th century. It combines elements of various world religions, including Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Christianity, and Islam, as well as Vietnamese spiritual traditions.
It played a role in resisting French colonial rule and was later involved in the political landscape of South Vietnam during the mid-20th century.
Hao Hao (Religious Movement 1930)
The Hoa Hao movement was a significant religious and political movement in Vietnam during the mid-20th century, characterized by its blend of Buddhism and indigenous Vietnamese beliefs. Founded by Huynh Phu So in the Mekong Delta region in the 1930s, the Hoa Hao movement gained a substantial following, particularly among the rural population in southern Vietnam.
The movement had a strong anti-colonial and anti-corruption stance, advocating for social and political reforms to address the issues faced by the Vietnamese people under French colonial rule.
Binh Xuyen (Criminal Organization)
The Binh Xuyen was a Vietnamese criminal and military organization that operated primarily in the Saigon-Cholon-Gia Dinh area during the mid-20th century. The group was initially formed as a resistance force against French colonial rule but eventually evolved into a powerful and influential force involved in various aspects of Vietnamese political and social life.
The Binh Xuyen often clashed with other Vietnamese political and military factions, including the Viet Minh, the Hoa Hao, and the Cao Dai, as well as with the French colonial authorities. Their involvement in various power struggles and conflicts contributed to the instability and unrest in the region.
Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934)
The Tydings-McDuffie Act, officially known as the Philippine Independence Act, was a United States federal law passed on March 24, 1934. It provided for the self-government of the Philippines and for Filipino independence from the United States after a ten-year transitional period.
Represented the growing trend of non-interventionism in U.S. foreign policy at the time.
Vladimir Lenin’s “Thesis on the National and Colonial Questions (1920)
Vladimir Lenin’s “Thesis on the National and Colonial Questions” was a significant work in the context of Marxist theory and the struggle against imperialism. It was presented during the Second Congress of the Communist International (Comintern) in July 1920. This document outlined Lenin’s perspective on the right of self-determination for nations and colonies under imperialist rule.
Lenin’s theses were particularly significant in the context of anti-colonial struggles in various parts of the world, including Asia, Africa, and Latin America. His emphasis on the right of oppressed nations to determine their own political and economic destinies greatly influenced the decolonization movements and nationalist struggles in the 20th century.
