colonial era beginning Flashcards
On what region of Africa did the French focus their colonization efforts?
West Africa
On what region of Africa did the British primarily focus their colonization efforts?
East Africa
what were the two parts of justification for European colonization of Africa?
.The need to bring a civilizing, christianizing influence through missionary societies and to develop infrastructure and modernity
.The need to abolish the still active African enslavement trade (primarily Arab dominated)
what does a “treaty of protection” refer to?
An agreement between an African nation and a Europena power whereby the European power offered”protection” from rival African nations and Arabs in exchange for resources
what resulted from the simultaneous rush among European nations to colonize Africa?
conflict between European nations
at the behest of which nations was the Berlin West Africa conference held?
Germany and Portugal
what was the intent of the Berlin Conference and during what years was it held?
to arbitrate the dividing up of Africa
1884-1885
in addition to major European powers what nation was present at the Berlin Conference?
the United States
what agreement did the Berlin Conference seek to enforce among European powers
“Free Trade Agreement”
what did a “Free Trade Agreement” refer to?
an agreement among European powers to respect one another’s trade agreements and not seek to establish unreasonable monnopolies
what was the name of the private police force used by Leopolold 2 to enforce his harsh autocratic regime in Belgium?
the Force Publique
Who was Leopold 11?
The King of Belgium and ruler of a the brutal “Congo Free State” regime.
Who was Cecil Rhodes?
a “visionary” financier of colonial endeavors who hoped to transport British culture to Africa and build an infrastructure to support British interests.
what was notable about the infrastructure developed in Africa under European rule?
It was intended to transport wealth out of Africa rather than throughout it. Africa still suffers from this approach to trade.
what was the “period of pacification” and over what years did it occur?
a period during which military suppression of Africans was ramped up in order to tighten administrative control. 1900-1920
what was the Maxim gun?
a large repeating gun instrumental to European superiority in Africa Hillaire Beloc: No matter what happens we have got the maxim gun and they have not
what was the battle of Adwa and when did it occur?
1896
A battle at which the Ethiopians under Menelik triumphed over the italian forces
What was the battle of Isandlwana and when did it occur?
battle fought in january of 1879 in which the British were defeated by the Zulu
What two battles mad the British anxious about safeguarding superior military technology?
The battle of Adwas (1896) and the battle of Isadlwana (1879)
what two nations remained “independent” as satellite nations during the colonial period?
sierra leone
liberia
what factors contributed to Ethiopia remaining independent during the colonial period
Ethiopia had adopted christianity as a state religion in the fourth century
Ethiopia had allies including Russia, Spain and Portugal on the basis of Christianity
What denomination did both Russia and Ethiopia follow
Eastern Orthodox
what factors connected Ethiopia originally to Christian tradition?
In Ethiopian tradition Queen Sheba returns to Aksum to have her son Menelik
what other christian group does Ethiopia have a relationship with?
coptic christians
how did European powers respond to Ethiopia’s independence?
they sought to isolate and weaken it.
what was the purpose of taxing Africans?
to force them to work fro Europeans in order to raise the cost of taxes
what resources were Europeans anxious to get out of Africa?
Diamonds Platinum Rubber Kola Nuts Gold Ivory Cocoa
what factors reduced the profitability of slavery and made colonization desirable
as manufacturing increased cheap labor became more desirable partly because of affordability and partly to provide a greater home market
.Kings and traders started charging more for captives
Plantation owners increasingly invested in manufacturing because they could not affor d to pay debts to European bankers
price of sugar fell following rapid expansion of sugar plantations in the lat eightennth century
desire to cultivate africa as a foreign market and gain access to its resources
