colonial era beginning

Question 1

On what region of Africa did the French focus their colonization efforts?

Answer 1

West Africa

Question 2

On what region of Africa did the British primarily focus their colonization efforts?

Answer 2

East Africa

Question 3

what were the two parts of justification for European colonization of Africa?

Answer 3

.The need to bring a civilizing, christianizing influence through missionary societies and to develop infrastructure and modernity
.The need to abolish the still active African enslavement trade (primarily Arab dominated)

Question 4

what does a “treaty of protection” refer to?

Answer 4

An agreement between an African nation and a Europena power whereby the European power offered”protection” from rival African nations and Arabs in exchange for resources

Question 5

what resulted from the simultaneous rush among European nations to colonize Africa?

Answer 5

conflict between European nations

Question 6

at the behest of which nations was the Berlin West Africa conference held?

Answer 6

Germany and Portugal

Question 7

what was the intent of the Berlin Conference and during what years was it held?

Answer 7

to arbitrate the dividing up of Africa

1884-1885

Question 8

in addition to major European powers what nation was present at the Berlin Conference?

Answer 8

the United States

Question 9

what agreement did the Berlin Conference seek to enforce among European powers

Answer 9

“Free Trade Agreement”

Question 10

what did a “Free Trade Agreement” refer to?

Answer 10

an agreement among European powers to respect one another’s trade agreements and not seek to establish unreasonable monnopolies

Question 11

what was the name of the private police force used by Leopolold 2 to enforce his harsh autocratic regime in Belgium?

Answer 11

the Force Publique

Question 12

Who was Leopold 11?

Answer 12

The King of Belgium and ruler of a the brutal “Congo Free State” regime.

Question 13

Who was Cecil Rhodes?

Answer 13

a “visionary” financier of colonial endeavors who hoped to transport British culture to Africa and build an infrastructure to support British interests.

Question 14

what was notable about the infrastructure developed in Africa under European rule?

Answer 14

It was intended to transport wealth out of Africa rather than throughout it. Africa still suffers from this approach to trade.

Question 15

what was the “period of pacification” and over what years did it occur?

Answer 15

a period during which military suppression of Africans was ramped up in order to tighten administrative control. 1900-1920

Question 16

what was the Maxim gun?

Answer 16

a large repeating gun instrumental to European superiority in Africa
Hillaire Beloc: No matter what happens
we have got
the maxim gun
and they have not

Question 17

what was the battle of Adwa and when did it occur?

Answer 17

1896

A battle at which the Ethiopians under Menelik triumphed over the italian forces

Question 18

What was the battle of Isandlwana and when did it occur?

Answer 18

battle fought in january of 1879 in which the British were defeated by the Zulu

Question 19

What two battles mad the British anxious about safeguarding superior military technology?

Answer 19

The battle of Adwas (1896) and the battle of Isadlwana (1879)

Question 20

what two nations remained “independent” as satellite nations during the colonial period?

Answer 20

sierra leone

liberia

Question 21

what factors contributed to Ethiopia remaining independent during the colonial period

Answer 21

Ethiopia had adopted christianity as a state religion in the fourth century
Ethiopia had allies including Russia, Spain and Portugal on the basis of Christianity

Question 22

What denomination did both Russia and Ethiopia follow

Answer 22

Eastern Orthodox

Question 23

what factors connected Ethiopia originally to Christian tradition?

Answer 23

In Ethiopian tradition Queen Sheba returns to Aksum to have her son Menelik

Question 24

what other christian group does Ethiopia have a relationship with?

Answer 24

coptic christians

Question 25

how did European powers respond to Ethiopia’s independence?

Answer 25

they sought to isolate and weaken it.

Question 26

what was the purpose of taxing Africans?

Answer 26

to force them to work fro Europeans in order to raise the cost of taxes

Question 27

what resources were Europeans anxious to get out of Africa?

Answer 27

Diamonds Platinum Rubber Kola Nuts Gold Ivory Cocoa

Question 28

what factors reduced the profitability of slavery and made colonization desirable

Answer 28

as manufacturing increased cheap labor became more desirable partly because of affordability and partly to provide a greater home market
.Kings and traders started charging more for captives
Plantation owners increasingly invested in manufacturing because they could not affor d to pay debts to European bankers
price of sugar fell following rapid expansion of sugar plantations in the lat eightennth century
desire to cultivate africa as a foreign market and gain access to its resources