187

Question 1

What was the first battle which Morroco fought in the invasion of Songhay? What cities did Al-Mansur go on to capture

Answer 1

The battle of Tondibi fought in the 12the of MArch in 1591.

Morrocco went on to capture Timbuktu and Jenne.

Question 2

When di enthusiasm for moroccan occupation of the Sub-saharan empire wane

Answer 2

with the death of Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur in 1603. Nevertheless a presence remained on the Niger in th 17th century.

Question 3

Who were the Arma?

Answer 3

Moroccans who remained in the Songhay and settled down as military governors by the mid seventeenth century they were acting independently and ceased sending tribute to the Sultan of Morrocco.

Question 4

When did Arma rule collapse?

Answer 4

in 1737 when the Tuareg seized Timbuctoo and established their own control over the valuable grasslands of the middle Niger Bend,

Question 5

When the fromer empire of Songhay split up, what was one of the more important of these kingdoms?

Answer 5

The Bamana Kingdom of Segu in the upper region of the Niger delta came under strong Sudanic muslim influence

Question 6

What did Scotch explorer Mungo Park say of the Kingdom of Segu in 1796?

Answer 6

He noted that “Moorish mosques are seen in every quarter” and said “the view of this extensive city, the numerous canoes upon the river,,, fromed atogether a prospect of civilization and magnificence which I little expected to find in the bosom of Africa.

Question 7

In what years did the Portuguese arrive off the coast of west central Africa?

Answer 7

the 1480s

Question 8

What did the king of Kongo hope to get out of a relationship with the Portuguese?

Answer 8

teachers, craftsmen, arms and mercenaries

Question 9

What di the Portuguese initially hope to get out of a relationship with the Kongo?

Answer 9

precious metals and spices

Question 10

What turned out to be the most valuable item in the basically agricultural economy of Kongo

Answer 10

labor

Question 11

In What year di a Kongolese Christian convert, backed by the Portuguese, seize the throne? wwhn?

Answer 11

1506. Alfonso 1

Question 12

in what manner did Alfonso develop Christianity?

Answer 12

Along the lines of a royal religious cult, which increased his authority at the expense of regional religions.

Question 13

What was the effect of Alfonso’s wars of conquest, supported by Potugueuse mercenaries and guns?

Answer 13

th production of captives who were sold at Sao Tome

Question 14

What was Sao Tome?

Answer 14

an island used by the Portuguese to grow sugar. discovered along with principe in the 1480s

Question 15

What did settlers of Sao Tome promote in order to increase supply of captives

Answer 15

promoted local wars of resistance to Alfonso

Question 16

What increased the demand for captives in the 1530s?

Answer 16

the development of the Trans-atlantic slave trade.

Question 17

In what years did the kingdom of Kongo suffer an invasion from the east? Who were the invaders?

Answer 17

1568-9 the Jaga

Question 18

In what year was the Kongo king reinstated by the Portuguese with the aid of Sao Tome mercenaries? Who was the King at this point>

Answer 18

Alvaro 1. 1574.

Question 19

What was the state of the King’s authority after 1574?

Answer 19

in decline. He became ever more dependent on the export of captives in exchange for Portuguese military support.

Question 20

who were the pombeiros?

Answer 20

the term originally referred to professional African and Afro-European slavers who developed an alternative slaving route between the Kongolese interior and the Atlantic coast. Later the name came to be used as a general term for most of the professional traders of west-central Africa.

Question 21

From what time di sao tome develop as a major transit point for captives being transported across the Atlantic to the new plantations in Brazil?

Answer 21

1530s

Question 22

How did the Sao Tome slavers evade Portuguese royal control?

Answer 22

by establishing a slaving station at Luanda from which they purchased captives from the Ngola of Ndongo, the southern rival kingdom to Kongo.

Question 23

What modern day country does Nyongo correlate with?

Answer 23

Angola

Question 24

The Portuguese decided to attempt an invasion of Nyongo. By what time did resistance and diseases forestall the invasion

Answer 24

the late 1580s

Question 25

What did the remnants of the Portuguese army do after the invasion was abandoned?

Answer 25

settled into the role of regular slave-traders

Question 26

what increased the supply of captives to the coast?

Answer 26

endemic warfare of the interior

Question 27

What was the Angolan interior like in relation to the slave trade?

Answer 27

a regular source for slaves for the Atlantic trade for most of the 17th and 18th centuries.

Question 28

Who ensured that the Angolan interior remained a regular source for slaves fro the Atlantic trade for most of the 17th and 18th centuries?

Answer 28

Portuguese and Afro-Europe dealers based at Luanda and furher south at Benguela.

Question 29

What encouraged coastal dealers to sell to the French and English?

Answer 29

Portuguese attempts to tax the trade

Question 30

What import helped increase interior warfare? what were other principle imports in this period?

Answer 30

large quantities of cheap French and English guns in the 18th century. Indian cottons and Brazillian rum.

Question 31

In the interior of Angola, who were widely active in the gathering of captives for the coastal market?

Answer 31

various branches of Imbangala

Question 32

when did Imbangala invade the coastal lowlands? what caused them to do this

Answer 32

Dislocation from the central highlands through drought and warfare. 1570s and 1580s

Question 33

What raiding state was founded by some Imbangala?

Answer 33

Kasanje

Question 34

Until when di the peopled of the Angolan interior contunue to be dominated by the wars of the slave trade?

Answer 34

well into the nineteenth century.

Question 35

what kingdoms came to dominate the long distance trade from the Angolan interior over the course of the eighteenth century?

Answer 35

Mwata Yamvo and Kambeze (Imbangal kindom of Kasenje was an offshoot of Mwata Yamvo

Question 36

In the early nineteenth century, how much of north Africa was still nominally a part of the ottoman empire?

Answer 36

The whole of the North African coastal region, apart from the western kingdom of Morocco.

Question 37

When was nominal Ottoman rule in Algeria ended by the French?

Answer 37

in 1830 when they occupied the coastal towns of Algiers and Oran and sent the dey into exile

Question 38

What was the excuse for the French invasion in 1830 what was the real purpose?

Answer 38

The excuse: a need to bring an end to the piracy of the Barbary Corsairs
The real reason: to raise nationalistic fervor in support of a corrup and unpopular French monarchy

Question 39

how did subsequent French governments view Algeria?

Answer 39

as a potentially wealthy colony for white settlement and as a marker for the products of French factories,

Question 40

What sort of opposition did the French face?

Answer 40

formidable resistance from the various Arab Berber Muslims of the interior, who were united in common oppostiion to the French.

Question 41

what did mwata yamvo and Kambeze do

Answer 41

came to dominate the long distance trade from the Angolan interior ofver the course of the eighteenth century.

Question 42

what is the word for people who developed trading routesfrom the angolan interior to the Atlantic coast

Answer 42

pombeiros