College English Midterms Flashcards
1
Q
Is like glue. It helps things to stick together.
A
Conjunction
2
Q
joins words, phrases, and sentences, which are
called clauses.
A
Conjunction
3
Q
When two sentences are joined, a _____ MUST be placed
before the conjunction.
A
comma
4
Q
three types of conjunctions
A
(1) Coordinating Conjunctions;
(2) Subordinating Conjunctions; and
(3) Correlative Conjunctions
5
Q
connect words, phrases, and
clauses, which are sentences with equal value
A
Coordinating conjunctions
6
Q
abbreviated as FANBOYS.
A
FOR, AND, NOR, BUT, OR,
YET, & SO
7
Q
connects things that are alike or joined together.
A
AND
8
Q
Ex. I want popcorn ___ pizza.
Diana loves Harry ___ William.
Samantha is dating Edward, ___ I am dating Liam.
A
AND
9
Q
is used to connect things that are different or
separated
A
BUT
10
Q
Ex. I prefer London ___ not Manchester.
Trisha chose sandals ___ wore sneakers to the park.
I am happy, ___ I am broke.
A
BUT
11
Q
is used to offer a choice
A
OR
12
Q
Ex. Are we leaving today __ tomorrow?
Will you buy the frontrow seats __ the VIP ones?
My exercise routine is walking __ jogging early.
A
OR
13
Q
is used to offer a negative choice.
A
NOR
13
Q
Ex. I am not happy ___ pleased with your decision.
Kiefer will not speak ___ show up for the event.
She is not fine ___ in the mood to talk.
A
NOR
14
Q
is used to show a change or contrast.
A
YET
15
Q
Ex. She was asleep, ___ she was walking mindlessly.
I want to buy the album, ___ I bought the jacket.
He is strong ___ fragile.
A
YET
16
Q
is used to show a relationship between things. It is similar to
THEREFORE
A
SO
17
Q
Ex. They were tired, __ they went home early.
Julie wanted cheese fries, __ she bought some.
Chad wants to settle down, __ he married his girlfriend.
A
SO
18
Q
is also used to show a relationship between things. It is
similar to BECAUSE
A
FOR
19
Q
Ex. I ordered lasagna, ___ I was hungry.
He was excited, ___ he was going to meet his family again.
Betty joined the FBI, ___ she wants to improve her skills.
A
FOR
20
Q
Connects a dependent clause (a clause that cannot be written as a
separate sentence) with an independent clause.
A
Subordinating Conjunction
21
Q
IF, WHILE, BECAUSE, ALTHOUGH, AFTER, BEFORE, UNLESS,
WHEN, UNTIL, SINCE, THEN, AS
A
Subordinating Conjunction
22
Q
Ex. We celebrated after we won the game.
Because our train was delayed, we arrived late.
Watson listened quietly while Holmes explained his theory.
Although the sun is up, Jenny is still in bed.
We will drive down the street then turn left at the next corner.
A
Subordinating Conjunction
23
Q
connect words, phrases, and
clauses, which are sentences and connect things of equal
value.
A
Correlative Conjunction
24
They are not single words. They work in pairs.
Correlative Conjunction
25
“both/and,” “either/or,” “neither/nor,” “not/but” and “notonly/but also.”
Correlative Conjunction
26
**Both** the king **and** the queen attended the ball.
**Either** the girls **or** the ladies will offer the flowers to the soldiers.
**Neither** Sally **nor** Ben can participate in the contest.
**Not** to be rude **but** you are blocking my way
**Not only** did Cecil won the lottery **but** she **also** wona trip abroad.
Correlative Conjunction
27
is something that interrupts a sentence
Interjection
28
It is something that also expresses your emotions like
happiness, fear, anger, or pain.
Interjection
29
Some examples of interjections are: ouch, wow, uh oh, oh no,
gosh,shhhh
Interjection
30
is spoken calmly, simply put a comma
after it and continue the sentence.
Interjection
31
Ex. **Shhh**, the baby is sleeping.
**Oh my**, I dropped my pencil
Interjection
32
If an _______ is spoken with more emotion, it is
followed by an exclamation point. The next word is then
capitalized.
Interjection
33
A ________ must agree with its
antecedent in both number and gender
pronoun
34
Examples:
- The Taylors landscaped **their** yard in
an unusual way.
- Kim regained **her** confidence after the
test.
- The cheetah licked **its** chops.
Pronoun
35
When the antecedent of a pronoun is a
collective noun, the number of the
pronoun depends upon whether the
collective noun is used as ________ or
______.
singular or plural
36
Example: The class had **its** first
meeting yesterday
Singular
37
Incorrect: Henry lives in Tampa where **you**
can sunbathe all year long.
Correct: Henry lives in Tampa where __
can sunbathe all year long.
he
38
Incorrect: They like camping because **you**
can be close to nature.
Correct: They like camping because ____
can be close to nature.
they
39
When a pronoun’s antecedent is an
indefinite pronoun, the pronoun must _____
with its number
agree
40
Examples:
- Neither of the girls spent ___ entire
allowance.
- Several members missed _____ chance to
speak with the president.
- Both of the students left _____ books at
home.
- Neither of the girls spent her entire
allowance.
- Several members missed their chance to
speak with the president.
- Both of the students left their books at
home.
41
When no gender is specified, use both
a __________ and ___________ pronoun.
masculine and feminine
42
Example:
- The teacher is responsible for ___ or
___ teaching materials.
- The student went to find ___ or ___
name in the honor roll.
- The teacher is responsible for his or
her teaching materials.
- The student went to find his or her
name in the honor roll.
43
Use a _______ _________ to refer to each, either,
neither, one, everyone, everybody, no one,
nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, or
somebody
singular pronoun
44
Examples:
- Either of the boys is ready for ___ rehearsals.
- Nobody from the teams went to ___
appointment.
- One of the fast food chains followed ___ safety
standards.
- Either of the boys is ready for his rehearsals.
- Nobody from the teams went to its
appointment.
- One of the fast food chains followed its safety
standards.
45
Examples:
- Many of the actors already know _____ lines.
- Both of the candidates clearly state _____
positions on the issue.
- Several of the laptops are stored properly in
_____ bags.
- Many of the actors already know their lines.
- Both of the candidates clearly state their
positions on the issue.
- Several of the laptops are stored properly in
their bags.
46
The _________ pronouns all, any, more, most,
none, and some may be singular or plural
depending on how they are used in a
sentence.
indefinite pronoun
47
Example:
- Most of the girls are here for _____ diploma.
- All of the children are eager to meet _____
Secret Santas.
- Some of the milk spilled out from ___ bag.
- Most of the girls are here for **their** diploma.
- All of the children are eager to meet **their**
Secret Santas.
- Some of the milk spilled out from **its** bag.
48
Use a singular pronoun to refer to two or
more singular antecedents joined by __ or
___.
or, nor
49
Use a plural pronoun to refer to two or more
antecedents joined by ___.
and
50
Examples:
- Neither Heidi nor Beth took ___ umbrella with her.
- The guide and the ranger wrapped _____ rain ponchos in their saddle rolls.
Examples:
- Neither Heidi nor Beth took her umbrella
with her.
- The guide and the ranger wrapped their rain
ponchos in their saddle rolls.
51
Modify NOUNS and
PRONOUNS
ADJECTIVES
52
It tells what kind of a person, place, or thing is.
ADJECTIVES
53
DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES
- Positive
- Comparative
- Superlative
54
Modify VERBS,
ADJECTIVES, and other
ADVERBS
ADVERBS
55
It expresses manner, time, place, time, degree, or
frequency.
ADVERBS
56
She moved **quietly**.
(adverb of manner)
57
I waited **there** for an hour.
(adverb of place)
58
You may leave **soon**.
(adverb of time)
59
I called you **once**.
(adverb of frequency)
60
He sat **very** still.
(adverb of degree)
61
Clues or hints that provide
meaning or context to an
unfamiliar word
CONTEXT CLUES
62
Sometimes a word's or phrase's meaning is explained
immediately after its use
DEFINITION/EXPLANATION CLUES
63
Sometimes a hard word or phrase is said in a simple way.
RESTATEMENT/SYNONYM CLUES
64
Sometimes a word or phrase is clarified by the
presentation of the opposite meaning somewhere close to its
use. Look for signal words when applying context clues.
CONTRAST/ANTONYM CLUES
65
Sometimes a word or phrase is not immediately clarified within
the same sentence. Relationships, which are not directly apparent,
are inferred or implied. The reader must look for clues within,
before, and after the sentence in which the word is used.
INFERENCE/GENERAL CONTEXT CLUES
66
Readers can also use clues of punctuation and type style to infer
meaning, such as quotation marks (showing the word has a special
meaning), dashes , parentheses or brackets (enclosing a definition),
and italics (showing the word will be defined).
PUNCTUATION
67
is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object.
Preposition
68
KINDS OF PREPOSITION
- Prepositions of Place
- Prepositions of Time
- Prepositions of Direction
69
Some prepositions show **where** something happens
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
70
Examples:
Sanny was sitting **under** a tree.
There’s a wooden floor **underneath **the carpet.
Some geese flew **over** their house.
John and Sarah were hiding** inside** the wardrobe.
There was a tree **beside** the river.
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
71
Some prepositions show **when** something happens
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
72
Examples:
School starts **at** nine o’clock.
We’re going to the zoo **on** Saturday.
No, you can’t watch a video. It’s **past** your bedtime already.
I visited my grandparents **during** the summer.
I’ll do my homework **before** dinner.
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
73
Some prepositions show **where something is going to.**
PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION
74
Examples:
The boys chased **after** each other.
The football rolled **down** the hill.
A man was walking his dog **along** the riverbank.
The freeway goes right **through** the city.
We were travelling **towards** Miami.
PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION
75
expresses the relationship of a part of something to its whole
OF
76
Our modules are full __ real life examples.
I ate a plate __ rice and a quarter of milk.
Would you like a glass __ lemon juice?
I need three pieces __ paper.
Most __ the children in my class like Education
OF
77
indicates a suiting of purpose for something/someone.
FOR
78
I made this bookmark ___ Mom.
Is there room ___ me on this seat?
I’d like a new computer ___ Christmas.
We’re going downtown ___ a meeting.
I made this gift ___ my mother.
FOR
79
- Please place the trophy __ the TV.
- Cole went to school __ train.
- RM took his interview __ phone.
- I'll buy the new desktop __ cash.
- He will submit his assignment __.
BY
80
used to show a starting point or origin
FROM
81
- She began to walk away ____ him.
- I'm ____ Italy.
- We're open ____ 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. every day.
- You can see the island ____ here.
- The documents are ____ the sixteenth century
FROM
82
- She lives ____ her parents.
- He looked at her ____ a hurt expression.
- They opened the package ____ a knife.
- She woke ____ terrible toothache.
WITH
83
are words that have meaning in the dictionary sense that readily accepts new
members into it.
Content words
84
have little meaning in the dictionary sense but which serve important functions to express grammatical relationship with other words within a sentence.
relationship with other words within a sentence
85
- It is a determiner that precedes a noun.
- These are: a, an, and the
ARTICLES
86
A definite article referring to a particular/specific person or thing.
THE
87
An indefinite article marking an unspecified singular count noun.
A/AN
88
- Back to another noun
- To something we use, attend, observe etc.
THE
89
- She used a car and a bike, but she used ___ bike.
- I used ___ laptop when you were gone.
THE
90
- Also known as helping verb
- It is partnered with another verb aka main verb
- Kinds: be, have, do, modals
AUXILIARY VERB
91
- am
- is/are
- was/were
- be/been
BE
92
- It is used to form perfect tenses.
- Has/Have/Had
HAVE
93
- She ___ sleeping peacefully.
- Kian and Jobert ___ playing.
was, are
94
- Peter ___ submitted his paper.
- Oliver ___ promised to meet me.
has, had
95
- do
- does
- did
DO
96
Mark ____ the cleaning everyday.
Ivan and I ___ watch the movie.
does, did
97
- can
- could
- may
- might
- must
- shall
- should
- will
- would
MODALS
98
- ___ I go to the restroom?
- She ___ cry if you hurt her.
may, will
99
- is used to link words, phrases, and
clauses.
conjunction
100
Kinds of conjunctions:
Coordinating, subordinating,
and correlative conjunctions.
101
Introduces an independent clause
Coordinating
102
Introduces a dependent clause.
Subordinating
103
A pair of conjunctions
Correlative
104
- A word or a group of words that introduces a noun.
- Determiners include articles, demonstratives, quantifiers, and possessive determiners
DETERMINERS
105
- a
- an
- the
Articles
106
- this
- that
- those
- these
Demonstratives
107
- all
- some
- much
- a lot of
Quantifiers
108
- my, your, his, her, its, our, and their
Possessive Determiner
109
A word that emphasizes another word or phrase.
INTENSIFIER
110
It's **quite** hot today.
Ms. Rona is **really** busy right now.
He's my **very** best friend.
INTENSIFIER
111
- are the words that indicate location.
- show this location in the physical world.
- There are prepositions of time, direction, and
location
PREPOSITIONS
112
A word that takes the place of a noun, noun phrase,
and noun clause.
PRONOUNS
113
The pronoun is the subject of the sentence.
Subjective
114
He is grateful for the present, Amy.
You are extraordinary!
I, you, he, she, it, we, you,
they
Subjective
115
indicates that the
pronoun is acting as an
object me, you, her, him, it, us,
you, and them
Subjective
116
Robert threw it into the garbage can.
Lily fed him with milk.
Objective
117
marker of possession
mine, yours, hers, his, its,
ours, and theirs.
Possessive
118
marker of possession
Possessive
119
points to and identifies a
noun or a pronoun.
this, these, that, those
Demonstratives
120
That is unacceptable.
These will never work.
Demonstratives
121
used to ask questions
whose, who, whom,
what, which
Interrogative
122
Who is your favorite movie star?
Which suits your budget?
Interrogative
123
link to someone or something else
who, which, that, whom,
whose
Relative
124
The girl who wore the skirt won the award.
The watch that he bought was stolen.
Relative
125
referring to unspecified person or thing
"one, body, thing" several, others, many, all
Indefinite
126
Something is wrong, Danica.
Few were chosen for the contest.
Indefinite
127
refer back to the subject of the sentence
"-self, -selves"
Reflexive
128
I poured myself a glass of milk.
The students bought themselves
new clothes for the party.
Reflexive
129
An interjection is a word added to a sentence to
convey emotion. It is not grammatically related to any
other part of the sentence.
INTERJECTION
130
- Ouch, that hurt!
- Oh no, I forgot that the exam was today.
- Hey! Put that down!
INTERJECTION
