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Neurocognition > College 8 > Flashcards

College 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 neuropsychological test factors?

A
  1. Past history
  2. Psychological factors
  3. Genetic factors
  4. Other factors
  5. Methodological factors
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2
Q

What is the APA definition of psychometrics?

A

The branch of psychology concerned with the quantification and measurement of mental attributes, behavior, performance and the like, as well as with the design, analysis, and improvement of the tests, questionnaires, and other instruments used in such measurement

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of reliability (+explanation)

A
  1. Inter-rater reliability: dezelfde uitkomst bij 2 researchers
  2. Test-retest reliability: dezelfde uitkomst later bij dezelfde persoon
  3. Parallel-forms reliability: vergelijkbare test met dezelfde uitkomst
  4. Internal consistency reliabilty: items in 1 test zijn gecorreleerd
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4
Q

What are the 6 types of validity?

A
  1. Face validity: ziet het er valide uit
  2. COntent validity: is het volledig
  3. Predictive validity: kan het een soortgelijk construct voorspellen?
  4. Concurrent validity: komt het overeen met een soortgelijk construct dat op hetzelfde moment wordt afgenomen
  5. Conergent validity: komt het overeen met dingen dat zou moeten
  6. Discriminant validity: wijkt het af van dingen dat zou moeten
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5
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

Probability of a positive test, given that a person is affected

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6
Q

What is specificity?

A

Probability of a negative test, given that a person is healthy

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7
Q

What are 3 ways to compare information?

A
  1. Norm based: how does someone perform compared to a norm group
  2. Criterion based: does someone meet the criteria of an injury
  3. Base rates: how often do similar conitions occur
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8
Q

What are floor/ceiling effects?

A

Floor effect: when most subjects score near the bottom, too high cut off score (too hard)
Ceiling effect: when most subjects score near the top, too easy

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9
Q

How to avoid bias in case of fatigue?

A

Avoid NPO in the evening or when tired
Provide a break

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10
Q

How to avoid bias in case of agitation/anxity

A

Explain aims of assessment and how it works
Use positive feedback
Provide a break

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11
Q

How to avoid bias in case of depression/apathy

A

Schedule a follow-up assessment when mood or motivation has improved

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12
Q

How to avoid bias in case of an non-native speaker?

A

Assess with the help of an interpreter (could be tricky if its not a professional)
Use non-verbal tests

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13
Q

How to avoid bias in case of medication effects?

A

Schedule assessment when off medication or when drug side effects are lower
Be aware of each drug’s adverse effect

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14
Q

How to avoid bias in case of a visual impairment?

A

Use oral tests

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15
Q

How to avoid bias in case of a hearing impairment

A

Speak loudly, and check for understanding

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16
Q

How to avoid bias in case of pain

A

Reschedule for when pain-free

17
Q

How to avoid bias in case of a noisy or overstimulating environment?

A

Perform NPO in the appropriate environment

18
Q

How to avoid bias in case of practice effects?

A

Avoid repeating assessment too frequently
Use parallel forms or similar tests

19
Q

How to avoid bias from assessor experience?

A

Use standardized instructions

20
Q

What is a p-value?

A

The probability that a statistical summary of the data would be as extreme (or more) than its observed value

21
Q

Wat is handig aan Bayesian statistics?

A

Er is geen all-or-nothing decision gebaseerd op arbitraire criteria

22
Q

What is an effect size?

A

The quantative measure of the strength of a phenomenon

23
Q

What are error bars?

A

Graphical representations of variability

24
Q

What is replication of an experiment?

A

Re-performing the experiment and collecting new data

25
Q

What is reproduction of an experiment?

A

Re-performing the same analysis with the same code using a different analyst

26
Q

What are the effects of low statistical power?

A

Reduces chance of detecting a true effect
Reduces the likelihood that a statistically significant result reflects a true effect (=power)

27
Q

What is p-hacking?

A

Manipulation of data to arrive at a desired p-value

28
Q

What is Harking?

A

Hypothesizing after the results are known

29
Q

What is the publication bias?

A

Selective publication of studies based on their results
Negative (geen sig resultaat) studies are less likely to be published

Neurocognition (8 decks)

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