College 3: Memory Flashcards
What is the model of Atkinson & Shiffrin?
They proposed the first formal theory where working memory serves as a bridge between the outside world and the LTM. It reflects it as a serial process and indicates that if you maintain it, it’s been stored -> not true.
What is the model of Baddeley & Hitch?
They introduced attentional control as an important factor and suggested that there may be dual pathways.
What is the phonological similarity effect?
It’s harder to memorize words that sound similar.
What are 2 reasons to explain rapid forgetting?
- Time goes by
2. Multiple things in our memory compete with each other
What is semantic memory?
Facts, things you learned in school
What is episodic memory?
Events, things you have experienced
What is priming?
If you’re asked to say a type of fruit and see an orange color, you’re more likely to say an orange.
What is classical conditioning?
A conditioned stimulate can create a conditioned response.
What is non-associative learning?
You can habituate to certain situations if you’re exposed with it for a longer time.
What is non-episodic autobiographical memory?
Remembering your own experiences, only not related to specific events, but more factual information about you as a person.
What is episodic autobiographical memory? (emotional vs. non-emotional)
Emotional (reliving) = “I had this horrible argument with this person”
Non-emotional (re-experiencing) = “I went to that school”
What is prospective memory?
“Looking forward”, the ability to execute delayed intentions
Do we see more long term impairment or working memory impairment?
More long term impairment
What is retrograde amnesia?
Impaired retrieval of old memories
What is anterograde amnesia?
Impaired formation of new memories
What happens with Korsakoff’s syndrome?
- What causes it?
- What is damaged? (3x)
- What type of memory impairment?
- Cause: excessive alcohol consumption leads to malnutrition and so vitamin B1 deficiency > damages the brain
- Damaged: thalamus, cingulate cortex, hippocampus
- Type: profound (retrograde) amnesia of contextual memory
What is contextual memory?
A form of episodic memory where the context is especially relevant, you have to bind an episode to spatial information.
Which areas are relevant in contextual memory? (4x)
- Perirhinal cortex = object information
- Parahippocampal gyrus = spatial information
- Hippocampus = storage
- Hippocampal - diencephalic circuitry = formation of new memories
(Entorhinal cortex = binding part)
Which areas are involved with which kind of memory?
- Episodic/semantic memory
- Procedural memory (skills/habits)
- Priming
- Classical conditioning
- Habituation/sensitization
- Episodic/semantic memory = medial temporal lobe + diencephalon
- Procedural memory (skills/habits) = basal ganglia
- Priming = neocortex
- Classical conditioning = amygdala + cerebellum
- Habituation/sensitizatization = reflex pathways
Who’s model is this?
They proposed the first formal theory where working memory serves as a bridge between the outside world and the LTM. It reflects it as a serial process and indicates that if you maintain it, it’s been stored -> not true.
Atkinson & Shiffrin
