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Psychological Assessment > College 1.3: Personality > Flashcards

College 1.3: Personality Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of personality?

A

A unique combination of psychological characteristics (cognitions, feelings, behaviors) that are relatively stable over time

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2
Q

What is a personality trait?

A

Any distinguishable relatively enduring way in which one individual varies from another

  • Situation takes a role in how personality is attributed
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3
Q

What are The Big Five?

A 
Openness to experience
Neuroticism
Agreeableness
Extraversion
Conscentiousness
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4
Q

What can be said about the stableness of traits?

A
  • Relatively stable over time, with a peak of stability at 50
  • Low stability over different situations > person-situation interaction
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5
Q

What are personality states?

A

Situation specific, temporary predisposition

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6
Q

What are personality types?

A

Descriptions of peoples constellation of traits

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7
Q

What is a opmerking die geplaatst kan worden over personality types?

A

It’s a simplification of reality to devide people into types. People can’t always be put in boxes

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8
Q

What does COTAN check?

A

Validity
Reliability
Norms

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9
Q

What is predictive validity?

A

Does the questionnaire predict the construct?

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10
Q

What is discriminant validity?

A

Do the results of the questionnaire correlate with the results of another questionnaire? That both measure something different.

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11
Q

What is face validity?

A

Does the test-taker know what the test measures or predicts?

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12
Q

What is convergent validity?

A

Do the results of two tests that measure the same, correlate?

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13
Q

What is test-retest reliabilty?

A

Do different measurements give the same results? Only handy with personality traits that stay the same over time.

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14
Q

What is inter-rater reliability?

A
  • Plays a role in observation

- Are the observations of different assessors the same?

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15
Q

What is Cronbach’s alpha?

A

Used in research, do the test-items correlate?

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16
Q

What can you say about the relationship between reliability and validity?

A

High reliability is a condition for high validity

17
Q

What’s important for Norms?

A
  • Relevance
  • Representativeness
  • Size
  • Actuality
18
Q

What’s important with selection of assessment instruments?

A
  • Is the goal in accordance?
  • Psychometric qualities
  • Psychometric research
  • Instructions for test use?
  • Always stay critical!
19
Q

What are projective tests?

A

Responses on unstructured stimuli, assessor draws interferences about personality.

Scoring is complex!

20
Q

What are different techniques of projective tests?

A
  • Association methods: sch as Rorschach
  • Constructive methods: such as TAT
  • Completion methods: complete a sentence, such as SCT
  • Choice/ordering methods: such as Szondi-test
  • Expressive methods: such as figure drawing
21
Q

What are good things about projective tests?

A
  • Less appeal on reading skills
  • Implicit processes
  • Less appeal on self-insight
  • Less faking?
22
Q

What are bad things about projective tests?

A
  • Little is known about reliability
  • Scoring is hard
  • Less standardization
  • Validity is unclear
  • Impact of test leader or situation
23
Q

What is a nomothetic vs idiographic approach?

A

Nomothetic: measuring everyone on the same dimensions
Idiographic: a unique compasition within a person

24
Q

Normative vs ipsative?

A

Normative: differences between persons
Ipsative: differences in one person

25
Q

What is good about questionnaires?

A
  • Standardization adminstering and scoring
  • Norms
  • Research on validity and reliability
26
Q

What is bad about questionnaires?

A
  • Language/translation
  • Norm group choice
  • People are inclined to answer in a certain way: faking
  • Response bias
27
Q

What are different response styles?

A
  • Acquiescence: the tendency to agree to questions
  • Careless responding: giving random responses
  • Extreme responding: Only 1 or 5 and no middle scores
  • Cautious responding: only middle scores and no 1 or 5
  • Social desirability: responding the way you expect someone wants you to respond
  • Faking: deliberaty responding with answers that are fake
28
Q

What is good about observation?

A
  • Rating systems
  • Recordd behavioral stremgths/weaknesses and patterns
  • Less faking
  • Context specific
29
Q

What is bad about observation?

A
  • Costs and time
  • How to evaluate? trait or state?
  • Reactivity: people act different if they know they’re being watched
  • Observer bias

Psychological Assessment (12 decks)

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