Collectivisation

Question 1

Stalin’s great

Answer 1

Stalin’s great turn involved collective farming
agricultural workers were employed and large factory Farms + deliver quotas of Grain to the state
collective aimed to provide efficient farming, mechanisation and socialise peasants

Question 2

Kulak

Answer 2

Kulak = under Stalin this was a peasant that owned 2 horses and 4 cows

Question 3

Collectivization stage 1 = 1929-30

Answer 3

Stalin believed grain procurement problems had been caused by Kulaks
Dekulakisation

Cheka identified Kulaks + would execute or deport them = 4% pop
However, 15% of peasant households destroyed + 150,000 forced to migrate

Question 4

Speed of collectivisation

Answer 4

Jan 1930 = Stalin wanted 25% of farms to be collectivised
March 1930 = 58% collectivised

Speed of collectivisation caused hostility

Question 5

Collectivization stage 2 = 1930 - 41

Answer 5

25,000 machine tractor stations introduced MTS
Provide seed + maintained Kolkhozes + ensured Quotas collected

Question 6

Limitations

Answer 6

Collectives were poorly organised
1932-33 = worst famine in R history

Dekulakisation
Profits

Question 7

Dekulakisation and Livestock

Answer 7

Dekulakisation = inhumane + removed 10mil of best farmers

Peasants slaughtered their livestock to avoid being labelled kulaks
30% of livestock destroyed by 1930
Livestock didn’t proceed pre-collectivisation levels til 1935

Question 8

Profits

Answer 8

Peasants referred to collectivisation as 2nd serfdom
Profits = non-existent
Private plots provided 50% veg, 70% meat + milk to the Soviet Union

Question 9

By 1941

Answer 9

100% farms collectivised
Industrial workforce fed + exports of grain increased
Achievements at the expense of Peasants
Many died for economic socialism