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Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

Significance of the 1961 Vienna summit

A

First meeting of Kennedy and Kruschev
Came to an agreement on Laos
But not on Berlin- refugee crisis

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2
Q

What did Khruschev want US to do at Vienna summit

A

withdraw troops from west Berlin

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3
Q

When was the Berlin wall built

A

August 1961

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4
Q

How many died trying to cross Berlin wall

A

140

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5
Q

Why was the problem of the wall hard to solve for the West

A

did not violate any treaties as it was technically an Eastern domestic matter

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6
Q

Who was Gary Powers

A

US spy who was shot down in Russia and sentenced to 10yrs in prison and 3yrs hard labour
Went back to the US in a prisoner exchange in 1962

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7
Q

When was the Berlin crisis

A

October 1961

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8
Q

What happened at the Berlin crisis at checkpoint Charlie

A

The US was angry that its generals were subject to searches so started to send Americans escorted by military jeeps
Tanks sent by both sides to the border for 16hrs
Then withdrew

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9
Q

Why was the Berlin crisis significant

A

Showed neither side wanted a full on war
showed a willingness to negotiate

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10
Q

When was the bay of pigs crisis

A

april 1961

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11
Q

How many exiles invaded in the bay of pigs invasion

A

1,400

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12
Q

how many were killed and taken prisoner in the bay of pigs invasion

A

100 killed
1,000 taken prisoner

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13
Q

why did the bay of pigs invasion fail

A

Castro was prepared
US cancelled air strikes

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14
Q

what caused the Cuban missile crisis

A

Castro ejected US bussinesses
US refused to buy Cuban sugar
Bay of pigs invasion
Khruschev concerned by US missiles in Italy and Turkey

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15
Q

When were ballistic missiles installed in Cuba

A

September 1962

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16
Q

What did Kennedy do in response to missiles being placed in Cuba

A

Naval blockade
searched ships suspected of carrying arms

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17
Q

What was Khruschev’s response to the naval blockade

A

Soviet ships approached then withdrew
He said he would use nuclear weapons in the event of war

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18
Q

How was the Cuban missile crisis solved

A

Agreed to withdraw missiles from Cuba if US withdrew theirs from Turkey
But withdrawl from Turkey was kept secret

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19
Q

Impact of Cuban missile crisis

A

US overconfident
Soviets determined not to back down again

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20
Q

When was the Potsdam conference

A

1945

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21
Q

Objectives of the Potsdam conference

A

to finalise the post-war settlement and enact all the agreements at Yalta

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22
Q

How was Truman different to FDR

A

he was much more open about anti-communism and his dislike of Stalin- ‘tired of babying the Soviets’

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23
Q

When did US successfully test their first atomic bomb

A

July 1945

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24
Q

Why was Stalin unhappy at the Potsdam conference

A

He was informed of the atomic bomb and was upset that the US had kept this secret (even though he already knew about it through spies)

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25
Why was Truman unhappy at the Potsdam conference
There had not been free and fair elections in the east as promised at Yalta
26
Who were the three attendees at Yalta
Stalin, FDR, Churchill
27
What was discussed at the Yalta conference
the split of Germany once it had been defeated Stalin agreed to support the Americans in Japan Agreed that liberated areas should have free and fair elections
28
What does Truman accept in 1947
He must intervene more in European affairs
29
What was the US approach to USSR 1945-47
They were reluctant to show clear anti-USSR policies
30
When was the Truman doctrine and what was it
1947- agreed to sell arms, give aid etc. to countries fighting communism (but not troops)
31
When was Marshall Aid
1948
32
How much was given in Marshall Aid
$13.3bn
33
How much was given in Marshall Aid to Britain
$2.7bn
34
When was the Berlin blockade
1949
35
What did critics say about FDR at the Yalta conference
He let the Soviets have power in the East too easily
36
when was the test-ban treaty and what did it do
1963 banned nuclear testing in the atmosphere
37
when was the nuclear-nonproliferation treaty and what did it do
1968 stopped countries with nuclear weapons sharing technology with countries without nucelar weapons
38
when did SALT talks begin
1969
39
when did the SALT talks result in agreements
1972
40
give one example of an agreement which came from the SALT talks
Anti-ballistic Missile Treaty
41
when was the Helinski Accords and what did it do
1975 promoted human rights, trade between the east and west, recognition of borders etc.
42
when were military advisers brought to Vietnam on a large scale
1961
43
how many troops in Vietnam by 1969
over 500k
44
when were US combat units withdrawn from Vietnam
1973
45
how many tonns of supplies were airlifted to Berlin by may 1949 daily
8,000
46
when did the greek civil war start
1946
47
when did NATO form
1949
48
what was one of NATO's main aims
to prevent Soviet expansion
49
what was one reason Truman was accused of being soft on communism
firing MacArthur after he defied orders in Korea
50
when was the Warsaw pact and what was it
1955 Soviet version of NATO
51
when was the Austrian peace treaty and what did it do
1955 4 occupying powers (including USSR) agreed to leave Austria
52
what are 2 examples of Kruhschev's early cooperation with the US
decreased the Red army by 0.5m Returned a naval base to Finland
53
what happened in 1956 in Hungary
rebellion Khruschev sent in tanks and shot the leader replaced the leader with a more 'acceptable' one
54
why was the 1960 Paris summit a failure
jeopardised by the recent Gary Powers incident
55
US defense spending in the 1950s
$40-$50bn per year
56
what did the US do in terms of trade with China 1971
lifted the 20yr trade embargo
57
when was 'ping-pong' diplomacy
1971
58
when did Nixon visit Moscow
1972
59
when was Diem overthrown
1963
60
what was the strategic hamlet policy
moving peasants into villages guarded by US soldiers
61
when was the Gulf of Tonkin incident and what happened
1964 US boat shot at
62
when was the North Vietnamese Tet Offensive
1968
63
what was operation rolling thunder and when was it
brutal bombing of North Vietnam 1965-68
64
what was 'search and destroy'
destruction of Vietnamese villages with accused Vietcong sympathies
65
yearly spending on Vietnam war
$30bn

US History (15 decks)

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