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POSIPSY > Cognitive States and Processes > Flashcards

Cognitive States and Processes Flashcards

1
Q

A key part of effective stress management that usually goes along with optimism

A

positive thinking

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2
Q

This refers to the belief that one’s skills and capabilities are enough to accomplish one’s desired goals in a specific situation

A

self-efficacy

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3
Q

4 processes that develop self-efficacy

A
  • performance accomplishment
  • vicarious learning
  • verbal encouragement
  • emotional states
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4
Q

This theory asserts that humans actively shape their lives rather than passively reacting to situations

A

self-efficacy

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5
Q

This S-E process refers to previous successes in similar situations

A

performance appraisal

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6
Q

This S-E process refers to modeling on others in the same situation

A

vicarious learning

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7
Q

This S-E process refers to verbal persuasion by a powerful, trustworthy expert or an attractive person

A

verbal encouragement

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8
Q

This S-E process refers to the level of arousal and state of emotion that can be attached to an activity

A

emotional state

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9
Q

2 crucial brain parts for self-efficacy

A

frontal and pre-frontal lobes

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10
Q

The frontal and pre-frontal lobes facilitate (blank) that is crucial of self-efficacy

A

prioritization of goals and strategic thinking

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11
Q

True or False

The left hemisphere reacts to dilemmas relayed by the linguistic right hemisphere and focuses on problem-solving

A

false

right hemisphere = problem solving
left hemisphere = linguistic

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12
Q

This refers to one’s expectancy that good things rather than bad things will happen

A

optimism

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13
Q

The process by which individuals explain the causes of behavior and events

A

attribution

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14
Q

2 types of attribution

A

dispositional attribution and situational attribution

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15
Q

This type of attribution is internal, something within the person we are observing

A

dispositional attribution

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16
Q

This type of attribution is external, caused by something outside the person we are observing

A

situational attribution

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17
Q

Optimists use (blank) attributions to explain negative experiences or events

A

adaptive external, variable, and specific attributions

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18
Q

True or False

There is a genetic basis of optimism

A

true

19
Q

One prominent antecedent of optimism is (blank)

A

childhood experiences that foster trust and secure attachments to parental figures

20
Q

5 common outcomes of optimism

A
  • stating college
  • performing in work situations
  • caring for Alzheimer patients
  • coping with cancer
  • coping in general
21
Q

This refers to a goal-directed thinking

A

hope

22
Q

2 components of hope

A
  • pathways of thinking

- agency of thinking

23
Q

Pathways of thinking refer to the capacity to (blank)

A

find ways to desired goals

24
Q

True or False

Hope has a hereditary contribution

A

false

Rather, hope has a learned cognitive set about goal-directed thinking

25
Q

Hope is said to be an inherent part of (blank)

A

parenting

26
Q

It is said that components of hopeful thought are in place by age (blank)

A

2

27
Q

This is crucial for imparting hope

A

strong attachment to caregivers

28
Q

5 common outcomes of hope

A
  • academics
  • sports
  • physical health
  • adjustment
  • psychotherapy
29
Q

This refers to the level of goal-directed thinking of a large group of people

A

collective hope

30
Q

This refers to an integration of knowledge, experience, and deep understanding

A

Wisdom

31
Q

Wisdom incorporates tolerance from (blank)

A

uncertainties of life, including its ups and downs

32
Q

Wisdom emerges when (blank) and (blank) agree

A

the heart and mind agree

33
Q

Wisdom is a process used to balance (blank) with (blank) to achieve a common good

A

personal interests with environmental context

34
Q

Wisdom entails the use of (blank) and (blank) to form judgments of or resolution for competing interests

A

tacit knowledge and personal values

35
Q

4 characteristics of wise people

A
  • sage (carrier of wisdom)
  • age (timeless and universal knowledge of wisdom)
  • understanding of affect in problem-solving
  • professional specialization
36
Q

This refers to a behavioral approach despite the experience of fear

A

courage

37
Q

This refers to the planning and execution of great and expansive projects by putting forth ample and splendid effort of the mind

A

courage

38
Q

4 types of courage

A
  • physical
  • vital
  • psychological
  • civil
39
Q

This type of courage refers to the perseverance through disease or disability even when the outcome is ambiguous

A

vital courage

40
Q

This type of courage refers to the strength in facing destructive habits

A

psychological courage

41
Q

This type of courage refers to the brave behavior accompanied by anger and indignation

A

civil courage

42
Q

This type of courage refers to the maintenance of societal good

A

physical courage

43
Q

This type of courage intends to reinforce societal and ethical norms without considering own social cost

A

civil courage

POSIPSY (7 decks)

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