Cognitive States and Processes Flashcards
A key part of effective stress management that usually goes along with optimism
positive thinking
This refers to the belief that one’s skills and capabilities are enough to accomplish one’s desired goals in a specific situation
self-efficacy
4 processes that develop self-efficacy
- performance accomplishment
- vicarious learning
- verbal encouragement
- emotional states
This theory asserts that humans actively shape their lives rather than passively reacting to situations
self-efficacy
This S-E process refers to previous successes in similar situations
performance appraisal
This S-E process refers to modeling on others in the same situation
vicarious learning
This S-E process refers to verbal persuasion by a powerful, trustworthy expert or an attractive person
verbal encouragement
This S-E process refers to the level of arousal and state of emotion that can be attached to an activity
emotional state
2 crucial brain parts for self-efficacy
frontal and pre-frontal lobes
The frontal and pre-frontal lobes facilitate (blank) that is crucial of self-efficacy
prioritization of goals and strategic thinking
True or False
The left hemisphere reacts to dilemmas relayed by the linguistic right hemisphere and focuses on problem-solving
false
right hemisphere = problem solving
left hemisphere = linguistic
This refers to one’s expectancy that good things rather than bad things will happen
optimism
The process by which individuals explain the causes of behavior and events
attribution
2 types of attribution
dispositional attribution and situational attribution
This type of attribution is internal, something within the person we are observing
dispositional attribution
This type of attribution is external, caused by something outside the person we are observing
situational attribution
Optimists use (blank) attributions to explain negative experiences or events
adaptive external, variable, and specific attributions
True or False
There is a genetic basis of optimism
true
One prominent antecedent of optimism is (blank)
childhood experiences that foster trust and secure attachments to parental figures
5 common outcomes of optimism
- stating college
- performing in work situations
- caring for Alzheimer patients
- coping with cancer
- coping in general
This refers to a goal-directed thinking
hope
2 components of hope
- pathways of thinking
- agency of thinking
Pathways of thinking refer to the capacity to (blank)
find ways to desired goals
True or False
Hope has a hereditary contribution
false
Rather, hope has a learned cognitive set about goal-directed thinking
Hope is said to be an inherent part of (blank)
parenting
It is said that components of hopeful thought are in place by age (blank)
2
This is crucial for imparting hope
strong attachment to caregivers
5 common outcomes of hope
- academics
- sports
- physical health
- adjustment
- psychotherapy
This refers to the level of goal-directed thinking of a large group of people
collective hope
This refers to an integration of knowledge, experience, and deep understanding
Wisdom
Wisdom incorporates tolerance from (blank)
uncertainties of life, including its ups and downs
Wisdom emerges when (blank) and (blank) agree
the heart and mind agree
Wisdom is a process used to balance (blank) with (blank) to achieve a common good
personal interests with environmental context
Wisdom entails the use of (blank) and (blank) to form judgments of or resolution for competing interests
tacit knowledge and personal values
4 characteristics of wise people
- sage (carrier of wisdom)
- age (timeless and universal knowledge of wisdom)
- understanding of affect in problem-solving
- professional specialization
This refers to a behavioral approach despite the experience of fear
courage
This refers to the planning and execution of great and expansive projects by putting forth ample and splendid effort of the mind
courage
4 types of courage
- physical
- vital
- psychological
- civil
This type of courage refers to the perseverance through disease or disability even when the outcome is ambiguous
vital courage
This type of courage refers to the strength in facing destructive habits
psychological courage
This type of courage refers to the brave behavior accompanied by anger and indignation
civil courage
This type of courage refers to the maintenance of societal good
physical courage
This type of courage intends to reinforce societal and ethical norms without considering own social cost
civil courage
