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Biological Basis of Happiness Flashcards

1
Q

Endogenic factors of happiness

A
  • biological
  • cognitive
  • personality
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2
Q

Exogenic factors of happiness

A
  • behavioral
  • socio-cultural
  • economical
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3
Q

The academic term for happiness

A

subjective well-being

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4
Q

Genetic factors count for (blank) percent of happiness

A

35 to 50 percent

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5
Q

True or False

Happiness can be heritable

A

true

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6
Q

This gene is coding serotonin distribution in brain cells and leads to mood regulation

A

5-HTTLPR

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7
Q

5-HTTLPR stands for (blank)

A

serotonin transporter polymorphism

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8
Q

This gene is involved in mood regulation and a catabolic enzyme

A

MAO-A

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9
Q

MAO-A stands for (blank)

A

monoamine oxidase

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10
Q

MAO-A is a catabolic enzyme for which neurotransmitters?

A
  • serotonin
  • dopamine
  • noradrenalin
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11
Q

The part of the brain with the most influence on identifying the form of emotions

A

limbic system

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12
Q

The part of the brain involved in emotion processing

A

prefrontal cortex

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13
Q

The part of the brain involved in reward and reinforcement

A

basal ganglia

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14
Q

The limbic system involves these 4 processes

A
  • memory processing
  • decision-making
  • motivation
  • emotion processing
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15
Q

The prefrontal cortex shows asymmetric activation to (blank)

A

positive and negative emotions

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16
Q

The part of the brain involved in planning and coordination of movement

A

basal ganglia

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17
Q

The part of the brain that reinforces behavior by regulating endocrine function in response to emotional stimuli

A

limbic system

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18
Q

The basal ganglia is responsive to (blank) stimuli

A

positive emotional stimuli

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19
Q

Damage to the basal ganglia is called

A

anhedonia

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20
Q

Anhedonia is the inability to (blank)

A

experience pleasure

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21
Q

This network processes and generates emotional information and behavior

A

emotional circuitry of the brain

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22
Q

These are widespread pleasure-activated brain networks

A

hedonic hotspots

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23
Q

5 parts of the emotional circuitry

A
  • prefrontal cortex
  • amygdala
  • hippocampus
  • anterior cingulated cortex
  • insular cortex
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24
Q

5 hedonic hotspots

A
  • nucleus accumbens
  • ventral pallidum
  • orbitofrontal cingulate
  • medial prefrontal
  • insular cortices
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25
Which specific part of the basal ganglia that when damage causes anhedonia?
ventral pallidum
26
This refers to a chemical messenger that carries, boosts, and balances signals between neurons and target cells
neurotransmitters
27
The neurotransmitter/s involved in schizophrenia
dopamine (high)
28
The neurotransmitter/s involved in anxiety
dopamine (low)
29
The neurotransmitter/s involved in happiness
serotonin (high)
30
The neurotransmitter/s involved in depression
dopamine and serotonin (both low)
31
The neurotransmitter/s involved in love
dopamine, serotonin, oxytocin (all high)
32
The neurotransmitter/s involved in the flight-or-fight response
noradrenaline and adrenaline
33
The neurotransmitter known as a mood stabilizer
serotonin
34
The neurotransmitter known as the reward chemical
dopamine
35
The neurotransmitter known as the love hormone
oxytocin
36
The neurotransmitter known as a pain-killer
endorphin
37
Serotonin is correlated with (blank)
satisfaction, happiness, and optimism
38
Modern-anti depressant drugs
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
39
High levels of serotonin has (blank) impact on mood
positive
40
Dopamine is associated with (blank)
positive mood
41
Increased dopamine levels associated with positive mood results in (blank)
changes in cognition
42
This neurotransmitter positively colors emotional perception of facial expressions in humans
norepinephrine
43
This antidepressant is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Reboxetine
44
Effect of Reboxetine
induces a positive emotional perceptual bias in healthy subjects
45
Endorphins are natural (blank)
reward circuits
46
Endorphins surge during (blank)
pregnancy
47
The primary function of endorphin is to (blank)
minimize discomfort and pain, maximize pleasure
48
This neurotransmitter creates intimacy, trust, and builds healthy relationships
oxytocin
49
Oxytocin is released during (blank)
intercourse, childbirth, breastfeeding
50
True or False Each neurotransmitter is coded by a special gene
true
51
The gene for dopamine
DRD2
52
The gene for serotonin
DRD2
53
The gene for norepinephrine
VMAT2
54
The gene for endorphin
HTRIA
55
The gene for melatonin
C57BL67
56
These glands release hormones
endocrine glands
57
2 most related glands with mood states
pituitary and adrenal glands
58
This hormone is primarily responsible for managing stress
cortisol
59
Cortisol is released from the (blank) glands in response to decreased or inflamed levels of (blank)
adrenal glands; glucocorticoid
60
Cortisol has been shown to be a consistent marker of (blank)
depression
61
High levels of morning cortisol have been linked to (blank)
depression and neuroticism
62
These 2 function as both a neurotransmitter and hormone
adrenaline and epinephrine
63
Lower or more stable levels of cortisol and adrenaline indicate higher levels of (blank)
personal growth and purpose in life
64
Positive mood is a strong predictor of (blank) health
physical health

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