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POSIPSY > Biological Basis of Happiness > Flashcards

Biological Basis of Happiness Flashcards

1
Q

Endogenic factors of happiness

A
  • biological
  • cognitive
  • personality
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2
Q

Exogenic factors of happiness

A
  • behavioral
  • socio-cultural
  • economical
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3
Q

The academic term for happiness

A

subjective well-being

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4
Q

Genetic factors count for (blank) percent of happiness

A

35 to 50 percent

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5
Q

True or False

Happiness can be heritable

A

true

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6
Q

This gene is coding serotonin distribution in brain cells and leads to mood regulation

A

5-HTTLPR

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7
Q

5-HTTLPR stands for (blank)

A

serotonin transporter polymorphism

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8
Q

This gene is involved in mood regulation and a catabolic enzyme

A

MAO-A

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9
Q

MAO-A stands for (blank)

A

monoamine oxidase

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10
Q

MAO-A is a catabolic enzyme for which neurotransmitters?

A
  • serotonin
  • dopamine
  • noradrenalin
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11
Q

The part of the brain with the most influence on identifying the form of emotions

A

limbic system

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12
Q

The part of the brain involved in emotion processing

A

prefrontal cortex

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13
Q

The part of the brain involved in reward and reinforcement

A

basal ganglia

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14
Q

The limbic system involves these 4 processes

A
  • memory processing
  • decision-making
  • motivation
  • emotion processing
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15
Q

The prefrontal cortex shows asymmetric activation to (blank)

A

positive and negative emotions

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16
Q

The part of the brain involved in planning and coordination of movement

A

basal ganglia

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17
Q

The part of the brain that reinforces behavior by regulating endocrine function in response to emotional stimuli

A

limbic system

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18
Q

The basal ganglia is responsive to (blank) stimuli

A

positive emotional stimuli

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19
Q

Damage to the basal ganglia is called

A

anhedonia

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20
Q

Anhedonia is the inability to (blank)

A

experience pleasure

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21
Q

This network processes and generates emotional information and behavior

A

emotional circuitry of the brain

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22
Q

These are widespread pleasure-activated brain networks

A

hedonic hotspots

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23
Q

5 parts of the emotional circuitry

A
  • prefrontal cortex
  • amygdala
  • hippocampus
  • anterior cingulated cortex
  • insular cortex
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24
Q

5 hedonic hotspots

A
  • nucleus accumbens
  • ventral pallidum
  • orbitofrontal cingulate
  • medial prefrontal
  • insular cortices
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25
Q

Which specific part of the basal ganglia that when damage causes anhedonia?

A

ventral pallidum

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26
Q

This refers to a chemical messenger that carries, boosts, and balances signals between neurons and target cells

A

neurotransmitters

27
Q

The neurotransmitter/s involved in schizophrenia

A

dopamine (high)

28
Q

The neurotransmitter/s involved in anxiety

A

dopamine (low)

29
Q

The neurotransmitter/s involved in happiness

A

serotonin (high)

30
Q

The neurotransmitter/s involved in depression

A

dopamine and serotonin (both low)

31
Q

The neurotransmitter/s involved in love

A

dopamine, serotonin, oxytocin (all high)

32
Q

The neurotransmitter/s involved in the flight-or-fight response

A

noradrenaline and adrenaline

33
Q

The neurotransmitter known as a mood stabilizer

A

serotonin

34
Q

The neurotransmitter known as the reward chemical

A

dopamine

35
Q

The neurotransmitter known as the love hormone

A

oxytocin

36
Q

The neurotransmitter known as a pain-killer

A

endorphin

37
Q

Serotonin is correlated with (blank)

A

satisfaction, happiness, and optimism

38
Q

Modern-anti depressant drugs

A

serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

39
Q

High levels of serotonin has (blank) impact on mood

A

positive

40
Q

Dopamine is associated with (blank)

A

positive mood

41
Q

Increased dopamine levels associated with positive mood results in (blank)

A

changes in cognition

42
Q

This neurotransmitter positively colors emotional perception of facial expressions in humans

A

norepinephrine

43
Q

This antidepressant is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

A

Reboxetine

44
Q

Effect of Reboxetine

A

induces a positive emotional perceptual bias in healthy subjects

45
Q

Endorphins are natural (blank)

A

reward circuits

46
Q

Endorphins surge during (blank)

A

pregnancy

47
Q

The primary function of endorphin is to (blank)

A

minimize discomfort and pain, maximize pleasure

48
Q

This neurotransmitter creates intimacy, trust, and builds healthy relationships

A

oxytocin

49
Q

Oxytocin is released during (blank)

A

intercourse, childbirth, breastfeeding

50
Q

True or False

Each neurotransmitter is coded by a special gene

A

true

51
Q

The gene for dopamine

A

DRD2

52
Q

The gene for serotonin

A

DRD2

53
Q

The gene for norepinephrine

A

VMAT2

54
Q

The gene for endorphin

A

HTRIA

55
Q

The gene for melatonin

A

C57BL67

56
Q

These glands release hormones

A

endocrine glands

57
Q

2 most related glands with mood states

A

pituitary and adrenal glands

58
Q

This hormone is primarily responsible for managing stress

A

cortisol

59
Q

Cortisol is released from the (blank) glands in response to decreased or inflamed levels of (blank)

A

adrenal glands; glucocorticoid

60
Q

Cortisol has been shown to be a consistent marker of (blank)

A

depression

61
Q

High levels of morning cortisol have been linked to (blank)

A

depression and neuroticism

62
Q

These 2 function as both a neurotransmitter and hormone

A

adrenaline and epinephrine

63
Q

Lower or more stable levels of cortisol and adrenaline indicate higher levels of (blank)

A

personal growth and purpose in life

64
Q

Positive mood is a strong predictor of (blank) health

A

physical health

POSIPSY (7 decks)

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