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m3dworthy > Cognitive perspectives > Flashcards

Cognitive perspectives Flashcards

1
Q

Cognition can either be __ or __ ?

A

automatic OR effortful

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2
Q

Define cognitive perspective=

A

= How cognitivists would explain it

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3
Q

Define cognitive features=

A

= symptoms related to cognition

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4
Q

5 cognitive features of psychopathologies are?

A

Depression
Schizophrenia
Anxiety
PTSD
OCD

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5
Q

5 features of depression are?

A

Motivational
Behavioural
Physical
Cognitive
Emotional

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6
Q

Emotional =
(feature of depression)

A
  • deep sadness/misery/ verge of tears
  • loss sense of humour
  • anxiety
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7
Q

Motivational
(feature of depression)

A
  • loss of interest in all previous hobbies
  • lack of initiative/social withdrawal
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8
Q

Behavioural
(feature of depression)

A
  • decreased energy- stay in bed etc.
  • slowness in speech
  • slow in general behaviour
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9
Q

Cognitive
(feature of depression)

A
  • negative view on self,world&future
  • general pessimism
  • worthlessness/shame/guilt
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10
Q

Physical
(feature of depression)

A
  • hyper/insomnia
  • headaches/migraines/dizziness
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11
Q

What is MDD?

A

= Major Depressive Disorder

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12
Q

According to DSM5, what comes under criteria to be diagnosed with MDD?

A

5 or more symptoms over 2 week period
At least one symptom being= depressed mood/loss of interest

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13
Q

What is the ‘Vicious cycle’ in terms of Depression?

A

= All features feed into eachother
- negative triad feeds into negative schema, which feeds into our negative behaviour which therefore feeds into negative view of future.

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14
Q

Define rumination:

A

= idea/habit of thinking a lot

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15
Q

What is the word that links Depression & Creativity?

A

Rumination

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16
Q

4 types of anxiety disorder?

A

Generalised anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Specific phobia disorders

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17
Q

Which 2 researchers identified ‘catastrophic misinterpretations of bodily sensations’ ??

A

Clark & Beck

18
Q

What is a phobia?

A

= extreme, irrational fear of a specific object/situation

19
Q

What is a key role in reinforcing a phobia?

A

= Avoidance
Avoiding the feared object is rewarding, therefore avoidance is repeated

20
Q

Are causes for phobias prominent or hidden?

A

= Prominent !!

21
Q

What % of all phobia patients have agoraphobia?

A

= 60%

22
Q

Trypophobia is the fear of ___ ??

A

= fear of small holes

23
Q

Pogonophobia is the fear of ___??

A

= fear of beards

24
Q

The behavioural element of a phobia means that???

A

= means that anything can become a phobia through association if it interferes with everyday functioning

25
Q

What is PTSD?

A

= Anxiety disorder in response to extreme physical trauma outside of normal human experience

26
Q

What was PTSD first known as after WW1?

A

= ‘shell shock’

27
Q

5 symptoms in DSM5 that diagnose PTSD??

A

Presence of intrusion- in memories/dreams
Persistent avoidance of stimuli of trauma
Alterations in arousal- sleep disturbance/irritated
Exposure to specific traumatic event

28
Q

What are the 2 memory systems in the dual representation theory of PTSD??

A

VAM- verbally accessible memory system
SAM- situationally accessible memory system

29
Q

3 outcomes of dual representation

A
  1. completion/integration
  2. chronic emotional processing- ongoing trauma
  3. premature inhibition of processing
30
Q

According to DSM5 what 3 symptoms have to be present in diagnosis of Schizophrenia?

A
  1. delusions
  2. hallucinations
  3. disorganised speech
31
Q

2 types of hallucinations are??

A

= auditory & visual

32
Q

What are delusions??

A

= misinterpretation of perceptions/experiences where patients often believe something else is responsible for their thoughts

33
Q

What % of psychotic hospitalised patients have Schizophrenia??

A

= 75%

34
Q

5 types of delusion are?

A
  1. persecution- being spied on
  2. grandeur- belief of having power
  3. control- belief external forces have control
  4. reference
  5. nihilistic- aspect of themselves has ceased to exist
35
Q

3 attentional processes in Schizophrenia are??

A
  1. sustained attention
  2. selective attention
  3. divided attention
36
Q

Freeman’s (2002) 4 factors of emergence of delusions are??

A
  1. anomalous experience
  2. anxiety/depression/worry
  3. reasoning bias
  4. social factors
37
Q

OCD is made up of ___ & ___

A

Obsessions & compulsions

38
Q

What are obsessions?

A

= intrusive, repetitive thoughts/urges
- in the MIND

39
Q

What are compulsions?

A

= repetitive BEHAVIOURS
- physical
- performed to decrease the distress caused by obsessions

40
Q

Who identified the cognitive model of obsessions?

A

Salkovski (1985)

41
Q

What is the cognitive model of obsessions?

A

= obsessions are result of a misinterpretation of negative thoughts

m3dworthy (10 decks)

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