CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL DISORDERS- What is Psychopathology?

Question 1

Figure who researched origins of diagnosis:

Answer 1

Emil Kraepelin

Question 2

2 clusters of mental disorder symptoms are:

Answer 2

Dementia praecox- Schizophrenia
Manic Depressive Psychosis- Bipolar

Question 3

The DSM

Answer 3

Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of American Psychiatric Association
First published= 1952

Question 4

The DSM is now in its ? edition :

Answer 4

5th edition (2023)

Question 5

ICD=

Answer 5

International Classification of Diseases

Question 6

The ICD is now in its ? edition:

Answer 6

11th edition (2019)

Question 7

In order to diagnose depression, there has to be presence of how many symptoms over 2 weeks?

Answer 7

5 symptoms

Question 8

What two symptoms HAVE to be displayed to diagnose depression?

Answer 8

Depressed mood
Loss of interest/pleasure

Question 9

Other symptoms of depression

Answer 9

weight gain/loss
hyper/insomnia
fatigue/loss of energy
recurrent thoughts of death
indecisiveness
feelings of worthlessness
agitation/retardation

Question 10

Which researcher formed the cognitive triad?

Answer 10

Beck (1967)

Question 11

What 2 parts is Becks Cognitive Theory of depression made up of?

Answer 11

Schemas
The Triad

Question 12

What is the Triad?

Answer 12

Negative self schema
Negative schema on the world
Negative schema about the future

Question 13

What does CBT aim to do?

Answer 13

CBT aims to ‘restructure’ the negative schemas

Question 14

What is the biological explanation for depression?

Answer 14

Monoamine hypothesis

Question 15

what is the MOAH?

Answer 15

Hypothesis that depression is caused by a lack of serotonin, noradrenaline & dopamine and is treated by raising serotonin

Question 16

What % of women does depression affect?

Answer 16

26%

Question 17

What % of men does depression affect?

Answer 17

12%

Question 18

Alternative viewpoint as to why men’s depression rate is 12%:

Answer 18

Men’s depression is under diagnosed
Men don’t present symptoms as often as women do
Something men feel they ought to just ‘deal with’

Question 19

Which researcher studied Learned Helplessness?

Answer 19

Seligman (1974)

Question 20

What animal did Seligman experiment with in his Learned Helplessness research?

Answer 20

Dogs

Question 21

What did Seligman find?

Answer 21

Dogs would eventually accept their fate, and accept the electric shocks
Seligman argues that this is what happens in everyday life, when stressors get too much people just give up!

Question 22

Which researchers came up with the concept of Depressive Realism?

Answer 22

Alloy & Abramson (1979)

Question 23

What is the concept of Depressive Realism?

Answer 23

that patients are depressed because they have a better perception of themselves/ reality