CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL DISORDERS- What is Psychopathology? Flashcards
Figure who researched origins of diagnosis:
Emil Kraepelin
2 clusters of mental disorder symptoms are:
Dementia praecox- Schizophrenia
Manic Depressive Psychosis- Bipolar
The DSM
Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of American Psychiatric Association
First published= 1952
The DSM is now in its ? edition :
5th edition (2023)
ICD=
International Classification of Diseases
The ICD is now in its ? edition:
11th edition (2019)
In order to diagnose depression, there has to be presence of how many symptoms over 2 weeks?
5 symptoms
What two symptoms HAVE to be displayed to diagnose depression?
Depressed mood
Loss of interest/pleasure
Other symptoms of depression
weight gain/loss
hyper/insomnia
fatigue/loss of energy
recurrent thoughts of death
indecisiveness
feelings of worthlessness
agitation/retardation
Which researcher formed the cognitive triad?
Beck (1967)
What 2 parts is Becks Cognitive Theory of depression made up of?
Schemas
The Triad
What is the Triad?
Negative self schema
Negative schema on the world
Negative schema about the future
What does CBT aim to do?
CBT aims to ‘restructure’ the negative schemas
What is the biological explanation for depression?
Monoamine hypothesis
what is the MOAH?
Hypothesis that depression is caused by a lack of serotonin, noradrenaline & dopamine and is treated by raising serotonin
What % of women does depression affect?
26%
What % of men does depression affect?
12%
Alternative viewpoint as to why men’s depression rate is 12%:
Men’s depression is under diagnosed
Men don’t present symptoms as often as women do
Something men feel they ought to just ‘deal with’
Which researcher studied Learned Helplessness?
Seligman (1974)
What animal did Seligman experiment with in his Learned Helplessness research?
Dogs
What did Seligman find?
Dogs would eventually accept their fate, and accept the electric shocks
Seligman argues that this is what happens in everyday life, when stressors get too much people just give up!
Which researchers came up with the concept of Depressive Realism?
Alloy & Abramson (1979)
What is the concept of Depressive Realism?
that patients are depressed because they have a better perception of themselves/ reality