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Approaches > Cognitive Approach > Flashcards

Cognitive Approach Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cognitive approach?

A

A theory of mental processes to explain behaviour

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2
Q

What are internal mental processes?

A

Human thought patterns whuch mediate between the stimulus and response

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3
Q

What are inferences?

A

Going beyond immediate evidence to make ASSUMPTIONS about mental processes that can NOT be directly observed

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4
Q

In the cognitive approach how is behaviour influenced?

A

By thoughts that can be conscious/unconscious

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5
Q

How should internal mental processes be studied?

A

Scientifically and objectively

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6
Q

What do internal mental processes studied by cognitive psychologist include?

A

-Perception
-Attention
-Memory
-Language
-Thinking
-Problem solving

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7
Q

Why are humans information processors?

A

Our internal mental processes extract, store and retreive information that helps us guide our behaviour like a COMPUTER

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8
Q

What are models used for in the cognitive approach?

A

To create testable theories about mental processing and these can be studied scientifically

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9
Q

How are our internal processes studied?

A

Indirectly using inferences

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10
Q

What can cognitions and biological processes be integrated to?

A

Cognitive neuroscience

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11
Q

What is a schema?

A

Mental framework of people, places and things

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12
Q

How do schemas help us?

A

Organise and interpret information in the brian

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13
Q

How do schemas develop in babies?

A

Born with simple motor schema such as grasping schema such as shaping hand around an object.

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14
Q

How do schemas develop as we get older?

A

We have more experience, our schema becomes more detailed and sophisticated

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15
Q

Why are schemas good?

A

-Process lots of info quickly useful as memory short-cut
-Stops us being overwhelmed by environmental stimuli

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16
Q

Why are schemas bad?

A

-Exclude info that doesn’t fit our ideas of the world, we develop stereotypes which are difficult to disconfirm even with new info
-Distort our interpretations of sensory info leading to perceptual errors

17
Q

What is a computer model?

A

When a computer analogies are used as a representation of human cognition, suggesting that there is similarity in the way information is processed.

18
Q

What are the 5 assumptions of the computer model?

A

-Central processing unit
-Coding
-Input
-Stores
-Output

19
Q

What is the central processing unit in the computer model?

A

The brain

20
Q

What is coding in the computer model?

A

To turn info into a useful format

21
Q

What is input in the computer model?

A

Info is coded as neutral connections in the brain are processed.

22
Q

What are stores in the computer model?

A

To hold different chunks of info

23
Q

What is output in the computer model?

A

Observable behaviour

24
Q

What is cognitive neuroscience?

A

The scientific study of the brain/neurological structures, mechanisms, processes, chemistry that are responsible for cognitive processes

25
Q

How does use of non invasive neuroimaging techniques such as PET and fMRI help psychologists?

A

Enable them to systematically observe and understand how the brain supports different cognitive activities and emotions by showing what parts of the brain become active on certain tasks.

26
Q

What are the applications of cognitive neuroscience?

A

-Use of scanning, imaging techniques to locate types of memory, study mental processes, effects of ageing on brain
-Use of computer stimulations/computational modelling to test theories/hypotheses about mental processes, develop voice recognition
-Eye-tracking to study visual processing

27
Q

A problem with the cognitive approach is that although it can tell us how cognitive processes take place, it fails to tell us why. What evidence is there to support this?

A

-Key terms of computer models are borrowed directly from computing
-Humans are very different to computers in the way we process info such as emotions affecting remembering.

28
Q

A problem with the cognitive approach is that although it can tell us how cognitive processes take place, it fails to tell us why. Why is this a weakness?

A

-Reductionist due to lack of focus of emotions and motivations
-Difficult to argue the approach is a full explanation of behaviour

29
Q

The cognitive approach emphasies the scientific approach to studying psychology unlike some of the other aspects. What evidence is there to support this?

A

-Cognitive neuropsychologists use brain scanners such as EGG’s
-Ask participants to do an activity and the are lights on
-Highly controlled as each person follows same procedure

30
Q

The cognitive approach emphasies the scientific approach to studying psychology unlike some of the other aspects. Why is this a strength?

A

-Psychologists are able to produce reliable and objective data
-Study can easily be repeated to see if findings are consistent

31
Q

The cognitive approach emphasies the scientific approach to studying psychology unlike some of the other aspects. Although this is a strength what might be a problem with this?

A

-Scientific method is difficult to apply to real world
-Lab behaviour is artifical
-Decreases validity
-Participants are aware they are studied

32
Q

A problem with the cognitive approach is that many studies, particularly those in cognitive neuroscience, lack ecological validity. What evidence is there to support this?

A

Experiments in memory use artificial conditions and superficial test which are meaningless in everyday life such as random list of words

33
Q

A problem with the cognitive approach is that many studies, particularly those in cognitive neuroscience, lack ecological validity. Why is this a weakness?

A

-Unable to generalise these finding to everyday life as they lack real world application
-Low ecological validity as behaviour doesn’t reflect real life.

34
Q

A strength of the cognitive approach is that it has been applied in many areas of life. What evidence is there to support this?

A

Treatments such as CBT aims to change negative thoughts into positive ones.
Changing the internal mental processing of the brain

35
Q

A strength of the cognitive approach is that it has been applied in many areas of life. Why is this a strength?

A

-Useful as it suggests there are practical applications of the approach and therefore is worthwhile continuing to fund research in this area

36
Q
A

Approaches (11 decks)

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