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Approaches > Biological Approach > Flashcards

Biological Approach Flashcards

1
Q

What are the assumptions of the biological approach?

A

-Physical processes in the body
-Innate biological basis
-Mind and brain and the same thing
-Genes affect behaviour
-Animal research to identify research to identify genetic traits and explain human behaviour

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2
Q

What is a genotype?

A

An individual’s genetic make-up

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3
Q

What does a genotype not reveal?

A

Whether someone will develop a characteristic

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4
Q

Genetically identical people have the same what?

A

Predisposition to develop a characteristic (to be overweight)

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5
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

Observable traits or characteristics shown by an individual

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6
Q

What are phenotype characteristics due to?

A

Combined effects of the genes and environment

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7
Q

What is evolution?

A

When the genetic make-up of a particular population changes over successive generations

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8
Q

How do individuals in a species vary?

A

Physical characteristics and behaviour

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9
Q

What did Darwin propose?

A

Natural selection.

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10
Q

What is natural selection?

A

Random physical and behavioural changes to a species either enable it to adapt to it’s environment and survive and disadvantage and they die out.

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11
Q

The genes which enable an individual to survive and reproduce are?

A

Passed down to the next generation and so the physical characteristics and behaviours will become more widespread on the population

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12
Q

What are social releasers?

A

Bowlby suggest babies are born with ‘innate cute features to encourage attention/ enhance survival

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13
Q

What are the 2 evolved behaviours?

A

-social releasers
-aggression

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14
Q

What is aggression?

A

Symbolic of strength and power so more attractive to females.
Enhance men’s reproductive success

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15
Q

What is sexual selection?

A

Men and Women choose particular traits of the opposite sex which help to identify who is best to mate with and pass down your genes

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16
Q

What is the comparative methods?

A

-Animals studied and conclusions are generalised to humans.

17
Q

What are twin studies?

A

Allow us to assess whether a characteristic is genetic or environmental.
Both twins are studied to determine whether they share characteristics.

18
Q

What is concordance?

A

A percentage that shows how many twin pairs shares a characteristic

19
Q

What percentage of genes do monozygotic twins share?

A

100%

20
Q

What percentage of gene do DZ twins share?

A

50%

21
Q

What concordance is higher?

A

In MZ than DZ twins

22
Q

If a characteristic is completely genetic the concordance for MZ twins would be?

A

100%

23
Q

What is reductionism?

A

The belief that complex human behaviour can be explained in terms of breaking it down to its smallest component parts such as the actions of genes, neurotransmitters or hormones.

24
Q

What is Determinism?

A

Behaviour is governed by internal or external factors acting on the individual which we have no control over

25
Q

The biological approach uses a range of highly precise and scientific methods in order to investigate the biological basis of behaviour. What evidence is there to support this claim?

A

Such as scanning techniques such as fMRI, twin studies, drug trials and lab experiments. Highly controlled environments so studies can be replicated under same conditions.

26
Q

The biological approach uses a range of highly precise and scientific methods in order to investigate the biological basis of behaviour. Why is this a strength?

A

-Approach is based on reliable and objective data
-Emphasising importance of these features of science
-contributes positively to psycholfoy

27
Q

The biological approach provides clear predictions. This has led to significant applications of the approach in the real-world. What evidence is there to support this?

A

Research into the role of Nero chemical imbalance in depression has led to development of drug treats,not which correct the imbalance and minimise symptoms.

28
Q

The biological approach uses a range of highly precise and scientific methods in order to investigate the biological basis of behaviour. Why is this a strength?

A

-Able to manage their condition and live a relative normal life
-Supports external validity if the approach
-Suggests that the principles can be used a wide range of behaviours and support treatments.

29
Q

The biological approach is determinist in that is sees human behaviour as governed by internal, biological causes that we have no control over. What evidence is there to support this claim?

A

Implications for legal system and wider society.
One of the roles of laws is that offenders are seen as legally and morally responsible.
The discovery of the ‘criminal gene’ of there was such as thing, could complicate this principle.

30
Q

The biological approach is determinist in that is sees human behaviour as governed by internal, biological causes that we have no control over. How can this be evaluated?

A

-Lead to genetic screening of population to identify susceptibility/discriminatio.
-Ethical implications for people with genetic predisposition.
-Victims of crimes where the criminals may nit take responsibility

31
Q

The biological approach is determinist in that is sees human behaviour as governed by internal, biological causes that we have no control over. What Kate a counterargument?

A

-Psychologists suggest that individuals discovered that they have a genetic predispotion for crime
-opportunity to avoid environmental situations to trigger it

32
Q

Twins share more than similar genetics. What evidence is there to support this claim?

A

They are also exposed to similar environmental conditions

33
Q

Twins share more than similar genetics. How can this be evaluated?

A

-Bio explanations are unlikely to be complete explanations of behaviour
-other factors contribute to mental disorders like depression

Approaches (11 decks)

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