Cognitive Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the cognitive approach

A

It is the study of internal mental processes and how it affects behaviour

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2
Q

What approach was introduced in the 1950s?

A

The cognitive approach

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3
Q

When was the cognitive approach introduced?

A

1950s

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4
Q

What revolution gave the new generation of psychologists a metaphor for studying the mind?

A

the digital revolution

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5
Q

What is the digital revolution?

A

the shift from mechanical and analogue electronic technologies from the Industrial Revolution towards digital electronics

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6
Q

What was the metaphor used?

A

That the mind is like a computer

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7
Q

What did they test for their predictions?

A

Their predictions for memory and attention

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8
Q

What did the cognitive approach ensure?

A

That the study of the mind is in fact a legitimate and highly scientific aspect of the discipline

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9
Q

What are internal mental processes

A

Private operations of the human mind such as perception and attention that mediate between a stimulus and response

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10
Q

What are the 4 aspects associated with the Cognitive Approach

A

The role of schema, theoretical models, computer models and the emergences of cognitive neuroscience

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11
Q

What is schema

A

It’s a mental framework made up of beliefs and expectations that influence the cognitive processing and they are developed from experience

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12
Q

What does schema act as

A

A mental framework for the interpretation of incoming information coming to the cognitive system

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13
Q

What are babies born with

A

Motor schema

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14
Q

Why do a babies have motor schema

A

For innate behaviours such as sucking and grasping

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15
Q

What happens to our schema as we get older

A

It becomes more sophisticated and detailed and has a mental representation of most situations

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16
Q

What does schema enable us to do

A

Enables us to process information quickly and is useful as a sort of mental shortcut to prevent us from feeling overwhelmed by the stimuli

17
Q

What may schema distort though?

A

It may also distort our interpretations of sensory information, leading to perceptual errors

18
Q

What is used to help researchers understand internal mental processes

A

Theoretical and computer models

19
Q

What are theoretical models

A

They are diagrams that help researchers visualise certain systems and allows them to have a better and clearer understanding, they are mainly in the form of flowcharts and an example of this is the multi story memory model

20
Q

What concepts do theoretical models represent

A

Abstract concepts

21
Q

What concepts do computer mode;s represent

A

Concrete concepts

22
Q

What is the main theoretical model

A

Information Processing Approach

23
Q

What does the IPM suggest

A

That’s information flows through a cognitive system in a sequence of stages (input, storage and retrival)

24
Q

What is the IPM based on

A

On the way that computers function

25
Q

What can we suggest if a programmed computer and the instructions given to the brain, produces a similar output?

A

We can suggest that similar processing are being processed in the human brain

26
Q

Why are computational models of the brain useful?

A

They are deemed as useful as they have been able to prove positive development of “thinking machines” and AI

27
Q

what is cognitive neuroscience

A

the scientific study of the influence of brain structures on mental processes

28
Q

what is known to have a long history in psychology

A

mapping brain areas to cognitive functions

29
Q

what did Broca identify

A

how damage to the frontal lobe can permanently impair speech production

30
Q

how have scientists been able to systematically observe and describe the neurological basis of mental process?

A

with advances in brain imaging techniques such as fMRI and PET scans

31
Q

what have brain imaging techniques enabled scientists to do

A

be able to systematically observe and describe the neurological basis of mental process

32
Q

what else have scanning techniques been useful for?

A

it is proved useful for establishing the neurological basis of some mental disorders

33
Q

what has the focus of CN expanded to

A

including the use of computer generated models that are designed to read the brain

34
Q

what is a future application of brain fingerprinting

A

to analyse the brainwave patterns of eyewitnesses to determine whether they are lying or not in court

35
Q

what are 2 strengths of the CA

A

.that it uses objective scientific methods with lab studies which allows the study of the mind to be a more credible science
.that is has practical real world application and can revolutionise how we live in the future and this supports the value of the CA

36
Q

what are 2 limitations of the CA

A

.that it relies one the inference of mental processes rather than direct observations and can suffer from being too abstract meaning it lacks external validity
.that it is based on machine reductionism as the computer analogy has been critisied for ignoring the influence of human emotion and motivation and so this weakens the validity of the CA