Behaviourist Approach Flashcards
What is behaviorism?
Behaviourism is the theory that all behaviour is learnt from surroundings and the interaction with the environment. Behaviour is simply a response to an environmentally stimuli
when did the behaviorist approach emerge and how long did it dominate
early 20th centaury and for half a centaury
Who were the main behaviourists?
Watson, skinner and Pavlov
What was watsons role?
He was one of the first to criticise Freud and Wundt and established the behaviourist approach alongside skinner
What was Pavlov’s role?
Pavlov was the one who came up with classical conditioning
what was skinners role?
Developing the idea of Operant Conditioning
what is classical conditioning
it’s learning through association
what is a stimulus
something that exists in the surroundings or that is presented
what is a response
how someone/something responds to a stimulus
what are the types of stimuli you need to know
unconditioned, neutral and conditioned
what are the types of responses you need to know
unconditioned and conditioned
define unconditioned stimulus
produces a natural response or reaction
define neutral stimulus
no response produced
define conditioned stimulus
an automatic response established by training to a neutral stimulus
define unconditioned response
the response to an unconditioned stimulus
define conditioned response
the response to a conditioned stimulus
define acquisition
the part when the US and CR are presented together
what does acquisition do
strengthens the likelihood of the CR
define extinction
when the CR stops because the CS hasn’t been presented with the US for a while
what does extinction do
it stops the thing from responding in the desirable way
define spontaneous recovery
when the CS produces the CR after the behaviour has been extinct
what is operant conditioning
the theory that behaviuour is learnt through consequence
what did skinner use for his research
rats
what did skinner find would affect behaviour
3 types of reinforcements
what is positive reinforcement
when a behaviour is followed by a desirable consequence (reward), it is more likely to be repeated
what is punishment
when a behaviour is followed by an unpleasnt consequence (punishment), it is less likely to be repeated
what is negative reinforcement
when a behaviour is followed by the removal of an adverse consequence, it is more likely to be repeated
