Cognitive and Sensory Perception

Question 1

What are the 3 criteria for cognitive impairment?

Answer 1

1. intellectual function below average (IQ of 70 or lower)
2. concurrent deficits in adaptive functioning
3. younger than 18 at diagnosis

Question 2

Mild Cognitive impairment (50-55 + 70-75)

Answer 2

educable, academic skills at 6th grade level

Question 3

Moderate cognitive impairment (35-40 +50-55)

Answer 3

unlikely to progress beyond the second grade level in academics

Question 4

Severe cognitive impairment (20-25 + 35-40)

Answer 4

need constant supervision for safety

Question 5

Profound cognitive impairment (below 20-25)

Answer 5

minimal capacity for sensorimotor functioning, need a highly structured environment

Question 6

What areas of everyday living do those with impairments struggle with?

Answer 6

communication, home living, community use, leisure, work, self-care, social skills, academics, self-direction

Question 7

what causes cognitive impairment?

Answer 7

intrauterine infection/ intoxication, trauma, inadequate nutrition, postnatal brain disease, chromosomal anomalies, premature, environmental

Question 8

7 early behavioral signs of cognitive impairment:

Answer 8

1. dysmorphic features
2. unresponsive of contact
3. abnormal eye contact
4. gross motor delay
5. decreased alertness to voice/movement
6. language difficulties/ delay
7. feeding difficulties

Question 9

What should a nurse teach parents about caring for their child with cognitive impairment?

Answer 9

-promote optimal development
-teach the child self care skills
-provide ways of communication
-establish discipline
-encourage play and exercise
-encourage socialization

Question 10

What are the 3 types of down syndrome?

Answer 10

Trisomy 21
Translocation
Mosaicism

Question 11

Trisomy 21

Answer 11

extra chromosome 21
95% of cases

Question 12

Translocation

Answer 12

chromosomes 15 and either 21 or 22
3-4% of cases

Question 13

Mosaicism

Answer 13

mixture of normal and abnormal cells
1-2% of cases

Question 14

Key physical characteristics of down syndrome:

Answer 14

square head, upward slant eyes, flat nasal bridge, protruding tongue, hypotonia

Question 15

Congenital anomalies of down syndrome:

Answer 15

heart defects, renal disorders, Hirschsprung disease, tracheoesophageal fistula, altered immune function, atlantoaxial instability

Question 16

Physical characteristics of fragile X syndrome

Answer 16

large head circumference, long face w/ prominent jaw, large protruding ears, large testes

Question 17

What are the classic behavior signs of Fragile X?

Answer 17

mild-severe cognitive impairment, delayed speech, hyperactivity, hypersensitivity