Cognitive And Perceptual Development In Infancy Flashcards
What is sensation?
Process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and stimuli from our environment?
What is perception?
Recognition and interpretation of sensory stimuli base chiefly on memory
What methods are there for studying infants early perception and memory?
Habituation/dis habituation paradigm including high amp sucking procedure
Preferential looking paradigm
Condition head turn paradigm
What is habituation/dis habituation paradigm?
Involves the presentation of stimuli to infants until they cease to make an orienting response to it. This signifies that the child is use to (habituated) to the stimulus and so recognises it. The child is then presented with a new stimulus and if it Dishabituates (pays attention) it shows that the child recognises the difference in the stimulus and thus has a function memory
At what age can a child habituate/ Dishabituate
At birth
What is deferred imitation ?
Involves exposing an infant to an adult that performs action with a novel set of stimuli. After a delay the people see whether the child manipulates adults behaviour
When is a child capable of deferred imitation?
At 6 months babies can defer imitation for as long as 2 days
When did Piaget suggest that deferred imitation is first seen?
18-24months
What is the high amp sucking procedure ?
Type of habituation/dishabituation task. The child is presented with a sound until a child is habituated based on the sucking. The sounds are played after delay to test memory. If there is a reduced sucking rate then habituation can be inferred. New stimuli are presented and if child increases sucking rate, it suggests the child remembers the sound
What is the preferential looking paradigm?
Test to see if children understand language. A child is presented with a pair of pictures and a sound clip with a word that matches up with one of the pictures. Based on the child’s looking patterns, they can decipher whether they understand the associations between the word and the sound.
When can word/object association be seen
6 months
What is the condition head turn paradigm?
Test to see how interested an infant is to different speech sounds. A sound is played until the infant looks away from the source. Intrest is measured by seeing how long infants attend to the stimuli. Infants will pay more attention to sound it they recognise something from the sound. They can use this to test how long an infant remembers a word.
What is intermodal perception
Making sense of stimulus from more than one sensory system
What is amodal sensory properties
Info that is not specific to a single modality
What are the main looking perceptual milestones:
Newborns can recognise mothers face
2-3 months look longer at attractive faces
Depth perception regimentally formed by 3 months:
First kinetic cues form, the binocular cues form, then pictorial (at 5-7 months)
