Cognitive and Cerebellum disorders

Question 1

feedback

Answer 1

allows motor responses to be adapted or modified according to the demands
of the environment (reactive responses)

Question 2

feedforward

Answer 2

prepares the system in advance of movement (anticipatory or proactive
responses)

Question 3

augmented feedback

Answer 3

externally provided feedback

Question 4

knowledge of results (KR)

Answer 4

outcome of movement
Confirms patient’s own assessment, unable to tell on their own, provides moti-
vation, encourages trial and error

Question 5

knowledge of performance

Answer 5

specific details regarding movement characteristics
➤ Example: “You should bend your knees more as you walk”
➤ Preferred over time

Question 6

prescriptive KP

Answer 6

Prescriptive: identifies error and tells patient what to do to correct it
Descriptive: describes error that was made

Question 7

➤ Early in learning → focus on correct aspects of performance (KR)
➤ Later in learning → focus on errors as they become consistent (KP)

Question 8

● Mnemonic
➤ KR: Michael Scott misses a basketball shot
Remember: KR relates to the overall movement
➤ KP: Michael Scott did not bend his knees
Remember: KP relates to technical details of the movement

Question 9

Feedback schedules include

Answer 9

band width
KR delay
Post KR interval
error detection

Question 10

KR delay

Answer 10

time between completion of movement and KR feedback
➤ Wait about 3 seconds; any longer is not beneficial

Question 11

post KR interval

Answer 11

time between when KR feedback is given and beginning of the
next trial
➤ Time for the patient to mentally practice how they will perform the next trial

Question 12

errors detection

Answer 12

more beneficial
➤ Cognitive phase: focus of feedback is on correct aspects
➤ Associative and autonomic phases: focus of feedback is on errors

Question 13

error bandwidth

Answer 13

➤ For beginners → large
➤ For advanced learners → small

Question 14

concurrent vs terminal feedback

Answer 14

terminal is preferred
➤ Concurrent feedback: feedback that is provided during the task
➤ Terminal feedback: feedback that is provided at the end of the task (once the task
has been completed)
➤ Feedback given after every trial improves performance
➤ Variable feedback improves learning and retention

Question 15

task intrinsic feedback

Answer 15

● Sensory information normally acquired during performance of a task

Question 16

Visual feedback

Answer 16

Visual: used during the cognitive phase (easier for patient to understand this type
of feedback)

Question 17

proprioceptive feedback

Answer 17

Proprioceptive feedback entails physical interactions with the environment, which
allows the patient to build a sense of awareness for where the body is in space
without the use of vision
➤ More difficult for patients to understand this type of feedback, so it is often used
as a progression during training
➤ Used during the associative phase

Question 18

spatial summation

Answer 18

multiple techniques

Question 19

temporal summation

Answer 19

repeated application of the same technique

Question 20

constant

Answer 20

same environment; static motor skill
● Not required to make rapid modifications
● Better for patients with cognitive deficits

Question 21

variable

Answer 21

different environments; required to make rapid modifications
● Preferred → better retention
➤ Performing task from a variety of chairs at a variety of speeds and with minimal
feedback is ideal for motor learning
➤ Want to allow errors to occur
Increased errors → increased learning

Question 22

regulatory conditions

Answer 22

● Characteristics in the environment that directly influence the movement or task
● Critical for performing task
● Examples
➤ For a patient to walk, they need quadriceps muscle strength
➤ The height of a chair influences a patient’s ability to perform a sit-to-stand
transfer

Question 23

nonregulatory conditions

Answer 23

● Characteristics in the environment that do not directly influence the movement or task
● Examples: color of ball, background noise