Cognitive

Question 1

What does the cognitive approach suggest about addiction? (Cognitive addiction)

Answer 1

Addiction is the consequence of faulty thinking, in relation to dysfunctional beliefs, causing the addict to believe happiness is impossible without drugs

Question 2

Outline the initiation stage (cognitive addiction)

Answer 2

• intentionally chose to engage in addictive activities to treat psychological symptoms e.g alcohol for confidence
• addict cannot infer that the addiction will make the problem worse
• Beck et al = vicious cycle

Question 3

Outline the maintenance for smokers (cognitive addiction)

Answer 3

• Brandon = expectations of an outcome, have influence over the behaviour
• as addictions develop, activity is influenced less by conscious expectations and more by unconscious
• automatic processing theory

Question 4

Outline the maintenance of gambling (cognitive addiction)

Answer 4

• Oei and Gordon = despite the low likelihood of success, gamblers believe they can influence their outcome
• gamblers fallacy = recent events influence their outcome

Question 5

Outline the replace for smoking (cognitive addiction)

Answer 5

• Commings et al = smokers relapse due to emotional state that they wish to remove
• pros outweigh all the cons

Question 6

Outline the relapse of gamblers (cognitive addiction)

Answer 6

• suffer from recall bias = overestimate their wins and underestimate their losses
• just world hypothesis

Question 7

What did Griffiths find? (Cognitive addiction)

Answer 7

Regular gamblers believed they were more skilful than they were, treated the machines as people and explained losses as ‘near wins’

Question 8

What is faulty with this explanation? (Cognitive addiction)

Answer 8

Cannot explain actual drugs/smoking (chemical change)