Cognition, psychosocial, and play progression Flashcards
Cognitive skills 0-8 months
0-1 month:
- Piaget Sensorimotor stage (birth to age 2)
- innate reflexes used to interact with the environment (sucking, gripping, and touching)
2-3 months:
- Piaget Sensorimotor stage
- learns about cause/effect as a result of reflexive motor patterns that are then repeated for enjoyment
4-5 months:
- Piaget Sensorimotor
- further awareness of cause and effect as voluntary movement patterns and eye hand coordination emerge
6-8 months
- 8 months object permanence starts to emerge
- infant anticipates spoon or bottle
- starts to form habits
Cognitive Skills 9-12 months
- increased organization and sequencing of scheme to do desired activity
- may have difficulty attending to event outside visual space
- begins to display particular behaviors to elicit a known reaction
Cognitive skills 12-18 months
- recruits help of an adult, attempts to activate a simple mechanisms
- approaches new challenges
- recognizes function of objects; relates objects
- experiments and actively solves problems
Cognitive skills 18-24 months
Piaget pre-operational stage
- symbolic representations
-imitates, copies
- child begins to think before acting
- child begins to replace trial and error with thought process
- child can predict effects
- child matches simple shapes into shape sorter
Cognitive skills 2 years
Piaget pre-operational stage (age 2-7)
- begins to relate experiences and see relationships between experiences
Cognitive skills 2.5 years
- demonstrates imitation of short sequences of occupation
Cognitive skills 3 years
- child can organize objects by size, and build a structure from a mental image
Cognitive skills four years
- child can build involved structures combining various planes, along with symmetrical designs
- child is able to utilize spatial awareness, cause-and-effect, and mental images in problem-solving.
Cognitive skills 5 years
-child explores combination of actions on multiple objects
- child begins to master skills
- can reason through simple problems
Cognitive skills 6- 9 years
Concrete operational stage (7-11 years)
- develops abstract reasoning
- can perform mental operation without working them out physcially
-flexible problem-solving
- can solve complex problems
Cognitive skills 10-12 years
Formal operation stage (piaget)- ages 11+
- begins to use formal, logical operations during schoolwork
- begins to form own thoughts and views
Cognitive skills 13-14 years
Formal operations stage
- makes plans
- begins to think about the long-term future
Cognitive skills 14+ years
Piaget- formal operations
- begins to think more about global concepts
- begins to focus on adult role, begins to make career plans
- these thought patterns progress from operational thought involving fantasies to the later formal operational stage which transforms fantasies into realistic thoughts and attainable goals
Psychosocial skills 0-8 months
Erikson- trust vs. mistrust (0-18 months)
- 1 month: infant realizes that survival and comfort will be met
- 3 months: develops body scheme
- 4-5 months: engages in interactive routines and continues in developing body scheme
- 6-8 months: recognizes strangers and emerging sense of self
Psychosocial skills 12-18 months
Has interest in watching family routines (still in Erikson’s trust vs. mistrust stage)
Psychosocial skills 18-24 months
Erikson- autonomy vs. doubt and shame (18 months-3 years)
- child recognizes that he/she can control bodily actions
psychosocial skills 2 years
autonomy vs. doubt and shame (Erikson)
- begins to assert their IND
Psychosocial skills 2.5 years
-expresses wants verbally
- has increasing desire to copy peers; looks to adults to see if they appreciate success in an occupation; interested in household routines
Psychosocial skills 3 years
Erikson- initiative vs. guilt (3-5 years)
- child gains social skills and a gender role identity
- a sense of purpose is integrated into personality
Psychosocial skills 4 years
Erikson (initiative vs. guilt)
- child gains sense of security through peers
- sense of mastery over activities
- feeling of competency integrated into personality
Psychosocial skills 5 years
Erikson- industry vs. inferiority (5-12 years)
- has friends
- demonstrates an understanding of the feelings of others
Psychosocial skills 6-9 years
6 years:
- industry vs. inferiority (Erikson)
- practices skills to become better
- enjoys many activities and stays busy
- Co-operates and shares
7-9 years:
- industry vs. inferiority
- cooperative, less egocentric
- can regulate behavior
- becoming interested in boy-girl relationships, but does not admit it
Psychosocial skills 10-12 years
- industry vs. inferiority (Erikson)
- begins to questions authority
Psychosocial skills 13-14 years
- identity vs. role confusion
- begins to develop own identity, own self-concept
- self-esteem directly related to self-concept
- begins to develop empathy
psychosocial skills 14+ years
- identity vs. role confusion (Erikson)
- recognizes and manages emotions
- resolves conflicts in a positive way
- may develop idealistic views, intolerance of opposing views
Play skills 0-3 months
- unoccupied play (birth-three months)
- solitary play (birth-2 years)
Play skills 3-5 months
Exploratory play
- explores objects and people
- engages in play
- plays with caregivers during meals (4-5 months)
Play skills 6-8 months
- uses familiar actions initially with haphazard variation; seeks novelty
play skills 9-12 months
- prefers to act on objects rather than being a passive observer
Play skills 12-18 months
symbolic play
- make believe play with increased use of non-realistic play objects in pretending
- internalizes standards for how to play with objects
Play skills 18-24 months
Symbolic play
- child increased use of non-realistic objects in pretending
- child has inanimate objects perform familiar activities
play skills 2 years
- spectator/onlooker behavior
- symbolic play
Play skills 2.5 years
parallel play (2+ years)
Play skills 3 years
- Associate play (3-4 years)
- Symbolic play: child is mostly involved in parallel play but is becoming more cooperative
Play skills 4 years
-Cooperative play (4+ years)
- Creative play: child engages in sensory, motor, cognitive, and social play experiences in which skills are refined
Play skills 5 years
Creative play
- role plays based on theme from the real world
- plays games with rules
Play skills 6 years
Peer play
- plays in groups
- may have a best friend
Play skills 7-14 + years
Social play
- peers take importance in play
- talking and joking during play
