Cognition and emotion basics: emotion models (G12)

Question 1

Which model states that emotions are based on bodily responses?

a. Zajonc (1998)
b. James and Lange (1884)
c. Canon and Bard (1920)

Answer 1

b. James and Lange (1884)

Question 2

What are the criticisms for the idea of universal emotions?

Answer 2

1. If unlabelled, the same emotions may show two different emotions in some cases. Hence emotions are not as universal we think they are.
2. Humans have a wide range of emotions and they often don’t show purely one expression at a time. People show a combination of several emotions which can change with social and cultural contexts.
3. The different aspects that come with emotions such as a change in voice, facial expression, physiology (eg. heart rate increase), etc. do not correlate with each other.

Question 3

Which model assumes that, in reaction to an event, emotions follow after bodily responses?
A. Zajonc & Le Doux
B. Cannon & Bard
C. James & Lange

Answer 3

C. James & Lange

Question 4

Explain why sadness can be an adaptive response to a loss.

Answer 4

Answer:
Withdrawing, reconsidering, using energy sparingly, help signal.
Submissive signal, signal not to fight

Question 5

To test the Schachter and Singers 2 factor model a study on physiological arousal and emotion was done. Which group was found to be more euphoric?

a. Epinephrine misinformed
b. Epinephrine informed
c. Placebo

Answer 5

a. Epinephrine misinformed

Question 6

Explain the Bower’s network model how it can be applied to depression.

Answer 6

It is a network theory of emotion that proposes that concepts, events and emotions can all be represented as nodes within a network. Proximity, strength, time play an important role in activation and spread of information. People that are depressed have ‘better’ connections between negative concepts.