Cognition

Question 0

Retrieval

Answer 0

the process in which information in your memory can be recalled

Question 1

Encoding

Answer 1

The process of breaking information down into a form we understand

Question 2

Parallel Processing

Answer 2

is the ability of the brain to do many things (aka, processes) at once

Question 3

Sensory Memory

Answer 3

part of the memory system which is the initial contact for stimuli. Sensory memory is only capable of retaining information for a very short period of time

Question 4

Iconic Memory

Answer 4

Memory for visual stimuli is referred to as iconic memory, which can be defined as very brief sensory memory of some visual stimuli, that occur in the form of mental pictures

Question 5

Spacing Effect

Answer 5

states that we learn material more effectively and easily when we study it several times spaced out over a longer time span, rather than trying to learn it in a short period of time

Question 6

Testing Effect

Answer 6

the finding that long-term memory is increased when some of the learning period is devoted to retrieving the to-be-remembered information

Question 7

Shallow Processing

Answer 7

a way individuals process information according to the levels of processing theory developed by Craik and Lockhart; theorized that memory recall was based on the depth of processing and that deeper and more meaningful processing made recall easier

Question 8

Deep Processing

Answer 8

involves elaboration rehearsal which involves a more meaningful analysis (e.g. images, thinking, associations etc.) of information and leads to better recall

Question 9

Flashbulb Memory

Answer 9

When you are trying to remember something and then it “all of a sudden comes to you”

Question 10

Priming

Answer 10

acuteness to stimuli because of exposure to a certain event or experience

Question 11

Mood-Congruent Memory

Answer 11

indicates that, when humans store memories, they not only store the event, but they also store a memory of the mood they were in at the time

Question 12

Serial Position Effect

Answer 12

a memory-related term and refers to the tendency to recall information that is presented first and last (like in a list) better than information presented in the middle

Question 13

Proactive Interference

Answer 13

the difficulty in learning new information because of already existing information

Question 14

Retroactive Interference

Answer 14

when a person has difficulty recalling old information because of newly learned information

Question 15

Misinformation Effect

Answer 15

“false memory”; when we witness an event and then get some incorrect information about that event, we incorporate that incorrect information (misinformation) into our memory of the event. The result in an altered memory of the event

Question 16

Convergent Thinking

Answer 16

A cognitive process (a mode of critical thinking) in which a person attempts to find a single, correct answer to a problem

Question 17

Divergent Thinking

Answer 17

a thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions

Question 18

Heuristic

Answer 18

a rule-of-thumb strategy for making more efficient decisions

Question 19

Mental Set

Answer 19

a tendency to approach situations the same way because that way worked in the past

Question 20

Telegraphic Speech

Answer 20

speech that sounds very much like a telegram, has words arranged in an order that makes sense, and contains almost all nouns and verbs

Question 21

Linguistic Determinism

Answer 21

concept that states that human language limits and determines human thought patterns and knowledge. This concept makes an assumption that language both reflects and limits human mentality and its ability to make cross-cultural connections

Question 22

Noam Chomsky

Answer 22

has had a large impact on psychology, linguistics, and other fields. Chomsky is credited with the creation of the theory of generative grammar, considered to be one of the most significant contributions to the field of theoretical linguistics made in the 20th century.

Question 23

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Answer 23

a German psychologist who pioneered the experimental study of memory, and is known for his discovery of the forgetting curve and the spacing effect. He was also the first person to describe the learning curve

Question 24

Wolfgang Kohler

Answer 24

contributed to the creation of Gestalt psychology

Question 25

Elizabeth Loftus

Answer 25

professor of psychology and professor of law at the University of Washington; research has focused on human memory, eyewitness testimony and courtroom procedure

Question 26

George A. Miller

Answer 26

one of the founders of the cognitive psychology field. He also contributed to the birth of psycholinguistics and cognitive science in general