COGNITION Flashcards
What part of the brain is responsible for executive functions?
Prefrontal Cortex
What are the executive functions of the brain?
-Orientation
- Attention
- Concentration
- Memory STM
- Mental Flexibility ( Initiation)
- Planning and Organization ( sequencing and categorization)
- Problem Solving
- Abstraction
- Calculation
- Inhibitory Control (Self-monitoring and behavior regulation)
Attention (definition, description and treatment, Remediate or compensate)
the active process that allows the person to focus on environmental information and sensations that are relevant at a particular time
Concentration
sustained or focused attention
Remediate: identify the environment that enables person to attend and concentrate the longest, increase duration and complexity, use sensory input
Compensate: speaking slowly, remove external clutter and reduce noise, use simple written info - contrast, large font, underlining messages
Recall
immediate reproduction of information 5-10 items length of 20 to 40 seconds
STM
recent events or routine - one to a few minutes of retention span of events
LTM
storage of past events - over a few minutes to years
initiation
starting a task or actions not related to a motor initiation problem
perseveration
the meaningless repetition of task, meaningless patterns
Dyscalculia/Acalculia
inability to perform simple mathematic calculations -money, numbers amounts
Problem Solving
ability to recognize that a problem exists, analyze the conditions of the problem, choose and execute a strategy, and then check to see if the solution solves the probelm
Planning/Organization
ability to establish a consistent relationship between objects, events or features,
sequencing and categorization
Confabulation
making stuff up to fill in gaps in memory
Orientation
awareness of his/her present situation (ox4), personal place time and situation
Remedial: repetition in a structured setting
Compensate: external cues (calendars, or bulletin boards)
Judgment
ability to make decisions based on their thinking or feeling preferences
Abstraction
ability to generaliza information, make hypothesis, deal concepts and symbols
What are the typical causes of cognitive dysfunction?
- Conditions affecting thr brain - CVA, MS, PD, TBI, Anoxia, Dementia/Alzheimer’s
- Conditions or injuries affecting the body’s chemical balance - alcohol/drug consumption, dehydration, sodium/potassium imbalance
- conditions noted from prior to or just after birth - developmental disabilities
- Hereditary Conditions - Huntington’s Disease
What is the definition of memory?
a dynamic process of storing and retrieving information
OT METHODS of working with cognitive dysfunction
facilitating patient indefining problem
develop possibilities
choosing the best solution
executing the solution and then evaluating the outcome
