COGNITION

Question 1

What part of the brain is responsible for executive functions?

Answer 1

Prefrontal Cortex

Question 2

What are the executive functions of the brain?

Answer 2

-Orientation
- Attention
- Concentration
- Memory STM
- Mental Flexibility ( Initiation)
- Planning and Organization ( sequencing and categorization)
- Problem Solving
- Abstraction
- Calculation
- Inhibitory Control (Self-monitoring and behavior regulation)

Question 3

Attention (definition, description and treatment, Remediate or compensate)

Answer 3

the active process that allows the person to focus on environmental information and sensations that are relevant at a particular time

Question 4

Concentration

Answer 4

sustained or focused attention

Remediate: identify the environment that enables person to attend and concentrate the longest, increase duration and complexity, use sensory input

Compensate: speaking slowly, remove external clutter and reduce noise, use simple written info - contrast, large font, underlining messages

Question 5

Recall

Answer 5

immediate reproduction of information 5-10 items length of 20 to 40 seconds

Question 6

STM

Answer 6

recent events or routine - one to a few minutes of retention span of events

Question 7

LTM

Answer 7

storage of past events - over a few minutes to years

Question 8

initiation

Answer 8

starting a task or actions not related to a motor initiation problem

Question 9

perseveration

Answer 9

the meaningless repetition of task, meaningless patterns

Question 10

Dyscalculia/Acalculia

Answer 10

inability to perform simple mathematic calculations -money, numbers amounts

Question 11

Problem Solving

Answer 11

ability to recognize that a problem exists, analyze the conditions of the problem, choose and execute a strategy, and then check to see if the solution solves the probelm

Question 12

Planning/Organization

Answer 12

ability to establish a consistent relationship between objects, events or features,

sequencing and categorization

Question 13

Confabulation

Answer 13

making stuff up to fill in gaps in memory

Question 14

Orientation

Answer 14

awareness of his/her present situation (ox4), personal place time and situation

Remedial: repetition in a structured setting

Compensate: external cues (calendars, or bulletin boards)

Question 15

Judgment

Answer 15

ability to make decisions based on their thinking or feeling preferences

Question 16

Abstraction

Answer 16

ability to generaliza information, make hypothesis, deal concepts and symbols

Question 17

What are the typical causes of cognitive dysfunction?

Answer 17

• Conditions affecting thr brain - CVA, MS, PD, TBI, Anoxia, Dementia/Alzheimer’s
• Conditions or injuries affecting the body’s chemical balance - alcohol/drug consumption, dehydration, sodium/potassium imbalance
• conditions noted from prior to or just after birth - developmental disabilities
• Hereditary Conditions - Huntington’s Disease

Question 18

What is the definition of memory?

Answer 18

a dynamic process of storing and retrieving information

Question 19

OT METHODS of working with cognitive dysfunction

Answer 19

facilitating patient indefining problem
develop possibilities
choosing the best solution
executing the solution and then evaluating the outcome