Cog : Models of Memory (MULTI STORE)

Question 1

what’s the MSM

Answer 1

proposed by Atkinson and Shiffirin, which argues that memory is separated into distinctive components (STM LTM SENSORY)

Without rehearsal, that information would ‘decay’ or be forgotten.

If rehearsed, it can the move to our LTM, of which has an unlimited capacity and duration. When we remember something, information is retrieved from our LTM so that it can be used.

Question 2

Researcher STUDY 1

Answer 2

Glanzer & Cunitz

Question 3

S1 AIM

Answer 3

investigate the existence of STM and LTM and determine their capacities.

Question 4

S1 METHOD

Answer 4

Design: Repeated measures experiment

Participants: 46 army enlisted men

Conditions: Immediate recall, 10-second delayed recall, 30-second delayed recall
To prevent rehersal they had to count backwards in 3’s from a large number

Procedure:
Participants learned the procedure with 5 practice words.
They were shown 15 single-syllable words one by one with a 2-second interval.
The experimenter also read the words aloud.

Question 5

Results

Answer 5

PPs recalled more words at beginning (primacy) and end (recency) of the list. Glanzer and Cunitz found that a delay of 30 seconds does not affect recall from the LTS, thus the primacy effect was affected by the delay in the DFR

Question 6

Conclusion

Answer 6

These findings are in support of the MSM as it suggests that through rehearsal some of the words had been placed in LTM

but counting backwards had displaced the information in STM since attention was not paid and hence rehearsal could not occur, which explains why the participants recalled less.

This provides evidence for the fact that long-term and short-term memories are stored in different places and that information in STM may be displaced with interference.

Question 7

STUDY 2 RESEARCHER

Answer 7

Peterson and Peterson

Question 8

S2 AIM

Answer 8

To investigate the duration of short-term memory, and provide empirical evidence for the multi-store model.

Question 9

S2 PROCEDURE

Answer 9

A lab experiment was conducted in which 24 participants (psychology students) had to recall trigrams (,e.g. TGH) after intervals of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18 seconds.
To prevent rehearsal participants were asked to count backwards in threes or fours from a specified random number.

Question 10

S2 RESULTS

Answer 10

The longer the interval delay the less trigrams recalled.
Participants recall 80% of trigrams after a 3 seconds.
After 18 seconds less than 10% of trigrams recalled correctly.

Question 11

S2 CONCLUSION

Answer 11

Short-term memory has a limited duration when rehearsal is prevented.
It is thought that this information is lost from short-term memory from trace decay.
The results of the study also show the short-term memory is different from long-term memory in terms of duration. Thus supporting the multi-store model of memory.