Cog Aff Flashcards
This theorist believed that the physiological arousal one feels (fast heart beat, sweating) after an event (seeing a bear) is the emotion (“I must be scared”)
- Cannon-Bard Theory
- James Lang Theory
- Schacter & Singer
- William Wundt
Jamea Lang Theory
This Theorist believed emotions and physiological arousal co-occur or can be independent; sensory information is sent for physiological arousal and interpretation (i.e. cognitive and non-cognitive processes) simultaneously
- Zajonc, R. B.
- Ekman, P
- William Wundt
- Cannon-Bard
Cannon-Bard
Primary of affect; Independent from cognition; More exposure affect; Facial efference (smiling leads to positive emotions - blood cods in brain)
- Cannon-Bard
- Zajonc, RB
- Lazarus
- Papez
Zajonc, RB
Theorist: Cognition precedes affect
- Lazarus, RS
- Ekman
- Plato
- James Lang
Lazarus, RS
This Theory is attributed to whom?
Attribution Theory: Cognition is part of emotional experience – to what is emotion attributed?
2 – Factor Theory:
- Arousal
- Appraisal (cognitive experience)
- Papez
- Wundt
- Schacter & Singer
- Cannon-Bard
Schacter & Singer
Studied the Amygdola: Sensory pathways to the amygdala - gave rise to the notion of two sensory roads to the amygdala: the “low road” being a quick and dirty subcortical pathway for rapidly activity behavioral responses to threats, and the “high road” providing slower but highly processed cortical information.
- Ekman
- LeDoux
- Lazarus
- Aristotle
LeDoux
Studied facial expressions; believed emotions are universal
- Ledoux
- Wundt
- James Lang
- Ekman
Ekman
Which of the following is not a universal emotion?
- Suprise
- Anger
- Envy
- Happiness
Envy
Ordering of mental processes
- Perception
- Information processing
- Filter theories
- Orthography
Information processing
Bottom-Up Processing is:
- Two or more cognitive processes occuring at the same time
- Using knowledge, expectations, experience to help
- Data driven
- Concept Driven
Data driven
The type of processing that is data driven
- Parallel Processing
- Bottom-Up Processing
- Serial Processing
- Top-Down Processing
Bottom-Up Processing
Stimulus processing that is influenced by factors such as the individual’s past experience and expectations
- Bottom-up Processing
- Top-down Processing
- Serial Processing
- Parallel Processing
Top-down Processing
Parallel Processing is:
- processing that is influenced by factors such as the individual’s past experience and expectations
- processing in which two or more cognitive processes occur at the same time (i.e. driving)
- processing that is directly influenced by environmental stimuli
- processing in which one process is completed before the next one starts
Processing in which two or more cognitive processes occur at the same time (i.e. driving)
Sensation + Meaning =
- Processing
- Perception
- Double Dissociation
- Dysarthria
Perception
Human ability to work out accurately which parts of presented visual information belong together and thus form separate objects
- Perceptual Organization
- Object Recognition
- Double Dissociation
- Attentional Narrowing
Perceptual Organization
“Of several geometrically possible organizations that one will actually occur which posses the best, simplest, and most stable shape”
- Perceptual Load (PL) Theory
- The Law of Pragnanz
- Attribution Theory
- Laws of Perceptual Organization
The Law of Pragnanz
This disorder is caused by brain damage and results in the patient’s inability to recognize familiar faces but can recognize familiar objects
- Apperceptive Agnosia
- Associative Agnosia
- Prosopagnosia
- Simultanagnosia
Prosopagnosia
Psychic and physical reaction that is subjectively experienced as strong feeling, and has physiologically involves changes that prepare the body for immediate action
- Sensation
- Information Processing
- Emotions
- Cognition
Emotions
Perception is:
- A process that occurs through encoding, storage, and retrieval.
- A state of vigilance or alertness that is multidimentional, flexible and guided by motivation
- The gaining and processing of sensory information in order to see, hear, taste, or feel objects in the world , proces of knowing, including awareness and judgement
- Using what we know to process information
The gaining and processing of sensory information in order to see, hear, taste, or feel objects in the world , proces of knowing, including awareness and judgement
The experience of sensory perception:
- sensation
- emotion
- cognition
- attention
Sensation
All of the following are theraputic implications of emotions, except:
- Full awareness of emotions enhances adaptive functioning
- Maladaptive emotional responses can be learned
- Emotions are multimentional, flexible, and guided by motivation
- Emotional restructuring requires schema activation
Emotions are multimentional, flexible, and guided by motivation
_____ is a state of vigilance or alertness that is multidimensional, flexible, and guided by motivation.
- memory
- perception
- attention
- cognition
Attention
Act/process of knowing, including awareness and judgment
- attention
- memory
- sensation
- cognition
An individual may have a hard time giving propper atention to studying for comps as the tests provoke a great deal of anxiety. This is an example of:
- Top-Down processing
- Prosopagnosia
- Zoom Lens Model
- Attentional Narrowing
Attentional Narrowing
If an individual is experiencing depression, what is the likely cognition affected?
- attention
- memory
- information processing
- sensation
Memory
In regards to patheways involved in vision, the folowing is true:
- The ventral pathway is involved in spacial perception (where is it), whereas the dorsal pathway is involved with object perception (what is it).
- The ventral pathway is viewpoint dependent
- The dorsal pathway is involved in spacial perception (where is it), whereas the ventral pathway is involved with object perception (what is it).
- The dorsal pathway is viewpoint invariant
The dorsal pathway is involved in spacial perception (where is it), whereas the ventral pathway is involved with object perception (what is it).
Oliver Sacks gave an account of a man who had difficulty assessing relevant knowledge about objects from memory (i.e. he could describe a glove physically…“it’s round with 5 extentions coming off of it” but he could not name/associate it or give it function). This is an example of:
- Apperceptive agniosia
- Associative agnosia
- Prosopagnisia
- Double Dissociation
Associative agnosia
The role of attention is to act as percepptual glue, which binds the sets of features that we process together into coherent percepts of objects. Features are assembeled in appropriate relationships to form precepts of objects as we attend to those objects.
- Attentional Narrowing
- Feature Integration Theory
- Cognitive Appraisal Theory
- Cognitive Attribution theory
Feature Integration Theory
The first stage of the memory process where learning material is is presented and converted into code
- retrieval
- encoding
- storage
- processed
encoding
This process occurs through encoding, storage and retrival:
- memory
- attentional narrowing
- cognition
- perception
memory
These are seen as enduring memory structures about the self that integrate ones thoughts, feelings, and experiences about the self in a specific behavioral domain, and leads to a comprihensive definition of the self in a specific behavioral domain, and leads to a comprihensive definition of the self-concept. This is how memory affects cognition and affect.
- emotions
- sensations
- facial expressions
- schemas
schemas
These types of memories are episodic. They pertain to personal experiences. And they have been found to influence means-end problem solving and social problem solving skills.
- Episodic Memory
- Autobiographical Memory
- Procedural Memory
- Semantic Memory
Autobiographical Memory
Non-verbal communicative displays which convey affective messages that are crucial in cocial cognition. An important foundation of human communication.
- Schemas
- Emotions
- Facial Expressions
- Sensations
Facial Expressions
This type of memory includes the following: phonological loop, visual-spatial Sketchpad, and the Central Executive?
- Procedural Memory
- Working Memory
- Explicit Memory
- Implicit Memory
Working Memory
This type of memory involves such things as knowing the capital of States?
- Semantic Memory
- Working Memory
- Non-Declarative Memory
- Procedural Memory
Semantic Memory
This type of memory involves things as riding a bike or swimming?
- Working Memory
- Episodic Memory
- Semantic Memory
- Procedural Memory
Procedural Memory
Procedural Memory is condidered
- Declarative Memory
- Non-Declarative Memory
Non-Declarative
Episodic Memory is condidered
- Declarative Memory
- Non-Declarative Memory
Declarative Memory
Classical Conditioning is condidered:
- Declarative Memory
- Non-Declarative Memory
Non-Declarative
Semantic Memory is condidered:
- Declarative Memory
- Non-Declarative Memory
Declarative Memory
Fear Memory is condidered:
- Declarative Memory
- Non-Declarative Memory
Non-Declarative Memory
Which of the following are NOT features of emotions.
- Emotions are adaptive
- Emotions motivate goal-directed behavior
- Emotions are a primary communication system
- None of the above
None of the above
The first stage of the memory process that occurs during the presentation of the learning material
- Storage
- Retrieval
- Appraisal
- Encoding
Encoding
A way that memory can affect cognition and affect, through stable and enduring memory structures about the self that integrates one’s thoughts, feelings and experiences about the self in a specific behavioral domain.
- Self-schema model
- Feature Integration Theory
- Cognitive Apprasal Theory
- Attribution Theory
Self-schema model
Units of emotions with connections to ideas, physiological systems, events and muscle patterns
- Stimulus
- Nodes
- Self-concept
- Data
Nodes
A theory that involves the following steps: thoughts activate nodes, which then spread to other nodes and then info is brought into consciousness.
- James-Lange Theory of Emotion
- Bower’s Network Theory
- Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
- Behaviorism
Bower’s Network Theory
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Dorsal Attentional Network?
- Voluntary
- Endogenous
- Stimulus Driven
- Goal Directed
Stimulus Driven
Regarding attentional networks, the ____ network on the ____ side of the brain involves involuntary, exogenous, stimulus driven, and disengage, shift, engage functions.
- Dorsal; right
- Ventral; right
- Dorsla; left
- Ventral; left
Ventral; right
Regarding filter theories of attention, which of the following statements is UNTRUE?
- Some information may be selected early while other information is selected later
- All parsimonious models involve a flexible filter to accommodate processing of different types of information
- Total available attentional capacity is allocated to processing
- None of the above
All parsimonious models involve a flexible filter to accommodate processing of different types of information
(untrue b/c the correct statement would be:
Most parsimonious models involve a flexible filter to accommodate processing of different types of information)
This model of visual attention states that the size of the visual field can vary with task demands.
- Multiple Spotlights - split attention
- Attentional Spotlights
- Perceptual Load Theory
- Zoom Lens Model
Zoom Lens Model
The Phonological Loop is located in the
- Frontal Lobe
- Left Hemisphere
- Amygdola
- Cortex
Left Hemisphere
Regarding working memory, the visual-spatial scratch pad is located in the:
- Frontal Lobe
- Cerebellum
- Visual Cortex
- Amygdola
Visual Cortex
Regarding working memory, central executive functions are controlled in the:
- Frontal Lobe
- Cerebellum
- Visual Cortex
- Amygdola
Frontal Lobe
Regarding Implicit memory (non-declaritive), procedural memory is located in the:
- Spinal Cord
- Amygdola
- Cortex
- Cerebellum, tmporal lobes
Cerebellum, tmporal lobes
Fear memory is associated with the:
- Visual Cortex
- Frontal Lobe
- Amygdola
- Spinal Cord
Amygdola
____ facial expressions lack concruent feeling and are created in the motor cortex of the frontal lobe.
- Genuine
- Spontanious
- Posed
- Familiar
Posed
Motor output in form of words:
- Speech
- Language
- Semantics
- Heuristics
Speech
Systematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by use of conversational signs, signs, gestures, and marks which have an understood meaning. Anthing that can be understood between 2 people:
- Speech
- Language
- Semantics
- Heuristics
Language
This area is mostly associated with the production of speech:
- Broca’s
- Wernicke’s
- left hempisphere
- both a and c
both a and c
This area is mostly associated with the comprihension of language :
- Broca’s
- Wernicke’s
- left hempisphere
- both b and c
both b and c
Phonology (phoneme):
- Literal meaning of a statement
- Intended meaning of a statement may not be to same at the literal meaning (e.g. irony, sarcasm)
- Smallest meaningful unit of sound; each has distinctive features
- Most elemental unit of grammatical form
Smallest meaningful unit of sound; each has distinctive features
Morphology (morpheme):
- Literal meaning of a statement
- Intended meaning of a statement may not be to same at the literal meaning (e.g. irony, sarcasm)
- Smallest meaningful unit of sound; each has distinctive features
- Most elemental unit of grammatical form
Most elemental unit of gramatical form
Semantic:
- Literal meaning of a statement
- Intended meaning of a statement may not be to same at the literal meaning (e.g. irony, sarcasm)
- Smallest meaningful unit of sound; each has distinctive features
- Most elemental unit of grammatical form
Literal meaning of a statement
Pragmatics:
- Literal meaning of a statement
- Intended meaning of a statement may not be to same at the literal meaning (e.g. irony, sarcasm)
- Smallest meaningful unit of sound; each has distinctive features
- Most elemental unit of grammatical form
Intended meaning of a statement may not be the same as literal meaning (e.g. irony, sarcasm)
This makes language interesting and involves the timing, intensity, frequency [pitch], and emotional coloration of language
- Segmental features
- Supersegmental features
- Parsody
- both b and c
both b and c
The basics of language:
- Segmental features
- Supersegmental features
- Left hemisphere
- both a and c
both a and c
The following are determinants of reading skill:
- heuristics
- rate of cognitive processing and speech production ablity
- parsody
- rate of cognitive processing and languge comprihension ablity
rate of cognitive processing and languge comprihension ablity
The following is TRUE about reading:
- Rate of cognitive processing and language comprihebsion ability are determinates of reading skill
- On average, people read about 300 words per minute
- Methods of reading include whole-word and phonics
- All of the above
All of the above
Differences in communication styles are thought to be a difference/continium of:
- male vs. female
- direct vs. indirect
- left hemisphere vs. right hemisphere
- All of the above
All of the above
Inductive Reasoning:
- Making a generalized conclusion from premises (statements) referring to particular instances; conclusions of inductively valid argumentls are probibly (but not neccessarily true); hypothesis testing
- Drawing conclusions that are definately valid provided the assumptions are true; often based on formal logic; conditional reasoning
- Everyday rationality is founded on uncertain rather than certain reasoning, and so probility provides a better starting point for an account of human reasoning than logic
- None of the above
Making a generalized conclusion from premises (statements) referring to particular instances; clonclusions of inductively valid arguments are probibly (not not neccessarily) true; hypothesis testing
Deductive Reasoning:
- Making a generalized conclusion from premises (statements) referring to particular instances; conclusions of inductively valid argumentls are probibly (but not neccessarily true); hypothesis testing
- Drawing conclusions that are definately valid provided the assumptions are true; often based on formal logic; conditional reasoning
- Everyday rationality is founded on uncertain rather than certain reasoning, and so probility provides a better starting point for an account of human reasoning than logic
- None of the above
Drawing conclusions that are definately valid provided the assumotions are true; often based on formal logicl; conditional reasoning
Problematic Approach (reasoning):
- Making a generalized conclusion from premises (statements) referring to particular instances; conclusions of inductively valid argumentls are probibly (but not neccessarily true); hypothesis testing
- Drawing conclusions that are definately valid provided the assumptions are true; often based on formal logic; conditional reasoning
- Everyday rationality is founded on uncertain rather than certain reasoning, and so probility provides a better starting point for an account of human reasoning than logic
- None of the above
Everyday rationality is founded on uncertain rather than certain reasoning, and so probility provides a better starting point for an account of human reasoning than logic
Clint A presents with a neurologically based memory disorder known as amnesia. Which of the following questions would pose the most difficulty for Client A to answer correctly?
- What did you do last weekend?
- What is your birth date?
- How many days are in 2 weeks?
- All of the above would be equally difficult for an individual with a neurologically based amnesia because they all represent procedural memory.
What did you do last weekend?
*Sample question from Dr. Fedio - I believe this is the correct answer, but feel free to change if i am wrong;-)
Client B states that she experiences emotions only and directly as a result of interpreting her physiological boodily changes. Whose theory of emotions does her statement best represent?
- Cannon and Bard
- Lazarus and Zajonc
- James and Lange
- Schachter and Singer
- Ekman and Le Doux
James and Lange
*Sample question from Dr. Fedio - I believe this is the correct answer, but feel free to change if i am wrong;-)
