coding, capacity, duration of memory✅

Question 1

what are the 5 studies conducted regarding this?

Answer 1

study 1 = Baddeley - coding in STM + LTM

study 2= Jacobs - capacity if the STM

study 3 = miller - capacity of the STM (7 +- 2)

study 4= Peterson and Peterson - duration of STM

study 5= Bahrick - duration of LTM

Question 2

1️⃣what did baddeley study?

give some examples

what did he find out?

Answer 2

acoustically similar and dissimilar words
semantically similar and dissimilar words

STM = acoustic similar words had worst recall after 20 mins (acoustic)

LTM = semantically similar words had worse recall after 20 min (semantic)

Question 3

2️⃣what did Jacobs study?

what happened in the procedure?

what were there findings?

Answer 3

capacity of STM through digit span.

research read 4 digits and increased until the ppt couldn’t recall the order correctly

on average, ppts could recall 9.3 numbers and 7.3 letters incorrect order immediately after pronounced

Question 4

3️⃣what did miller study?

what did he find out about the span of the STM?

Answer 4

looks at capacity of STM via chunking, suggesting thing happen in 7’s eg 7 days of week

• plus or minus 2 items… chunking = grouping meaningful info together

Question 5

4️⃣
what did Peterson + Peterson study?

procedure and findings?

Answer 5

• looked at duration of STM suggesting that it lasts for 18 - 30 secs, without maintenance rehearsal.
• 24 ppts were given a consonant syllable and a 3 digit number and counted backwards, recall was around 80% after 3 second interval, with average recall after 18 seconds falling to 3%

Question 6

5️⃣
what did bahrick at el study? age of ppts?

what were the two tests?

what % pf ppts tested after 48 years were accurate on the photo recognition?

Answer 6

looked at duration of the LTM , ppts of around 17-74,

2 tests:

1. recognition test = 50 photos from ppts year books
2. free recall test= ppts listed names of those in graduating class

70% but free recall was a lot less

Question 7

AO3 - baddeley

❌whats a limitation of his study?

Answer 7

❌didn’t use meaningful material.
the words used had no meaning to the ppts so there obviously not gonna want to remember it or associate it with anything.
so the stud as limited application

Question 8

AO3- jacobs

❌whats a limitation of Jacobs study?

Answer 8

❌the study was conducted along time ago, confounding variables may make it less valid

for example, some ppts may’ve been distracted while the were being tested so they didn’t perform as well as they should have

Question 9

AO3- miller

❌limitation?

Answer 9

❌overestimated the capacity of the STM, Cowan (2001) concluded that capacity of STM was only 4 chunks, suggesting Miller’s estimate is wrong

Question 10

AO3- Peterson and Peterson:

❌weakness?

Answer 10

❌used an artificial stimulus, trying to memorise syllables doesn’t reflect daily memory activities where what were remember is meaningful… lack of external validity

Question 11

AO3 - bahrick et al:
✅ state a strength

❌ weakness?

Answer 11

✅there is high external validity , real life meaningful memories

❌ high attrition rates, ppl doppping out bc its a longitudinal study