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A level Geography - AQA > Coasts - Theme 2 - GEOMORPHOLOGICAL > Flashcards

Coasts - Theme 2 - GEOMORPHOLOGICAL Flashcards

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1
Q

What is geomorphology

A

-study of landforms and their processes

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2
Q

What is a marine process

A

-opperates upon a coast line and are connected to the sea such as waves, tides and longshore drift

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3
Q

What is a sub ariel process

A
  • Processes that mainly effect land - mass movement and weathering
  • Includes processes that slowly break down the coastline
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4
Q

What are the three main categorys of weathing

A
  • Mechanical/Physical
  • Biological
  • Chemical
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5
Q

What is frost shattering

A
  • PHYSICAL
  • Porus rock lets in water
  • freezes
  • expands
  • add pressure
  • splits
  • NEED A TEMP RANGE OF +-0
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6
Q

What is salt crystallisation

A
  • PHYSICAL
  • Porus rock
  • Salt water enters
  • water eveporates
  • leaves salt crystals
  • build pressue
  • cause to break
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7
Q

What is wetting and drying

A
  • Frequant drying of wetting and drying
  • Leads to rock rich in clay (shale) to expand when wet and contract when dry
  • crack and break up
  • more vunurable to freeze thaw
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8
Q

What is Plant weathering

A
  • BIOLOGICAL

- Thin roots grow into rocks and crack

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9
Q

What is plant water weathing

A
  • water runs through vegatation and becomes acidic

- chemical weathing in reslut of BIOLOGICAL

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10
Q

What is bird and animal weathering

A
  • BIOLOGICAL
  • Birds (piddock) dig into foround for food and annimals burrow
  • leaves holes for vunurability
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11
Q

What is marine organism weathering

A
  • BIOLOGICAL

- Limpits and algee can chemically erode by producting acids

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12
Q

What is carbonation

A
  • CHEMICAL
  • rain falls and reactis with the CO2 in the air
  • this creates CARBONIC acid
  • this errodes CALCIUM CARBONATES - CaCO3
  • These are rocks like chalk and limestone
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13
Q

What is oxidation

A
  • CHEMICAL
  • FERROUS (iron) rocks react with oxygen
  • brown yellow stain
  • VUNURABLE
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14
Q

What is solution and acid rain

A
  • CHEMICAL
  • Removal of rocks by rain acidic water
  • the acid rain comes from gases in the atmosphere - nitric acid and weak sulfuric acid - reacts with minerals to make them weaker
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15
Q

What is hydrolysis

A

-Mildy acid water combines with water to create claus and dissolvelble salts - these break down rocks

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16
Q

What is mass movement

A

-movement of sediment in a sub ariel processes

17
Q

What is soil creep

A
  • extremly slow
  • soil gets wet - when wet soil particales sink
  • soil drys and move to the surface
  • the surface’s incline means the soil particle rolls down the hill by mms
  • this is repeated
  • similar to longshore drift
18
Q

What are the charictoristics of soil creep

A

-little rows of soil that are parrel to cliff face

19
Q

What is mudflow

A
  • Clay sits below unconsilidated or weak rock
  • water gets trapped withing the rock
  • this inceases pore pressure (pressure of ground water in rock pores)
  • this forces rock particles apart
  • leads to the slope to fall
  • leads to unconsilidated sediment to fall
  • needs heavy rain to make mud
20
Q

what is a landslide

A
  • Block of rock moves rapidly
  • caused by rainfall or earthquake
  • rock moves down and brings sediment
21
Q

What is a rockfall

A
  • Sudden collapse of induvidual rock fragments
  • steep cliffs
  • mechanical weathering or erosion
  • fasll to the shore line
  • input to sediment cell
  • SEDIMENT CALLED SCREE
22
Q

What is a rotational slump

A
  • curved side plane of impermiable rock
  • other layers of rock sit ontop of this
  • when there is consistant high tides it can cause excessive lubrication
  • this can cause slumping due to gravity
  • IT PRODUCES A CURVED SLIDE PLANE
23
Q

Label a rotational slump

A
  • the top is called a head
  • the vertical parts are called SCARPS
  • the bottom is called a foot
  • the very bottom is called a toe
  • there is a curved slide plane
24
Q

What is runoff

A

-water that leaves a drainage basin

25
Q

What can runoff do to shape a coastal system

A
  • lubricate for landslides
  • add sediment
  • more depostional landforms
  • carry sediment with it

A level Geography - AQA (22 decks)

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