Coastal Landscapes

Question 1

Define Coastal Landscapes

Answer 1

-the whole coastline

Question 2

Define Coastal Landform

Answer 2

-Individual components of the landscape

Question 3

What is a concordant coastline

Answer 3

-waves are parallel to the layers of rock

Question 4

What is a discordant coastline

Answer 4

-Waves are perpendicular to the coastline

Question 5

What does a concordant coastline produce and explain how

Answer 5

• It creates coves and islands along the coast line
• Erode joins/faults at the hard rock
• Soft rock easier to erode
• Creates a cove - hollows out
• LULWORTH COVE

Question 6

What does a discordant coastline produce

Answer 6

• Creates headlands and bays
• Hard rock harder to erode
• Soft rock easier to erode
• East Purbeck Coast

Question 7

What is a wave cut platform

Answer 7

• angle of fewer than 5 degrees
• FOUND IN INTERTIDAL ZONE
• waves focus erosion in the intertidal zone
• leads to wave-cut notch
• wave-cut notch grows
• cliff retreats
• abrasion on the surface
• gently sloped platform of rocks left behing

Question 8

What is a blowhole

Answer 8

• Verticle hole is eroded above a cave - once filled with water, water gets blown up and through like a jet
• Overlying rock in a cave collapses
• Erosion continues vertically

Question 9

What is a Geo

Answer 9

• Cracks and joints get attacked repeatedly making a narrow long inlet in a cliff
• either formed from erosion or blowhole collapse

Question 10

What is needed for depositional landforms

Answer 10

-sediment surplus - gain more than loss

Question 11

What are the different types of beaches

Answer 11

• swash aligned

- drift aligned

Question 12

What is a swash aligned beach

Answer 12

-Beaches are parallel to the coastline - concave beaches - no longshore drift

Question 13

What is a drift aligned beach

Answer 13

• beaches are produced where the waves are at an angle to the beach
• There is longshore drift taking place here

Question 14

What is a berm

Answer 14

• Ridges made at the back of the beach
• created from successive high tides
• constructive waves

Question 15

What is a storm beach

Answer 15

-strong swash or hightide

Question 16

What is a ridge

Answer 16

-ridges of sand parallel to the coastline

Question 17

What is a ridge

Answer 17

-channels of water - they drain water off the beach

Question 18

What is a longshore bar (offshore bar)

Answer 18

• submerged or partially submerged ridges of sand
• formed by destructive waves with strong backwash
• absorb wave energy

Question 19

What is a spit

Answer 19

• Depositional landform
• compound or simple
• made up of shingle and sand
• curved end - DISTAL END
• start - PROXIMAL END

Question 20

How is a spit formed

Answer 20

• drift aligned beach
• Change in direction of the coastline
• The heavy material (shingle) is deposited first
• This continues to happen until it reaches an estuary - the current stops deposition
• A salt marsh is formed behind

Question 21

What is an offshore bar

Answer 21

• Submerged or partially exposed ridge of sand created by waves
• Appears at the breaking of a wave
• Destructive waves erode sand from the beach
• Strong backwash deposits at the offshore bar

Question 22

What is a barrier beach

Answer 22

• where a spit extends across a bay to join two headlands
• Forned if the spit continuing
• formed during peirod of high water level of a storm or high tide season
• Drift alligned shore

Question 23

What is a barrier island

Answer 23

• Continous growth of an offshore bar to create an island
• Strong backwash creates a bar
• occurs repeatidly
• offshore bar grows
• Creates a lagoon with calm muddy water - mangrove forest
• Lagoon is sheltered

Question 24

What is a tombolo

Answer 24

• an island is joined to the mainland by a tombolo
• If a longshore current is pushed by a prevailing wind behind an island (wave shadow) - a tombolo forms
• if a spit connects an island to the mainland - the spit continues and extends out to the island