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Geography > Coasts - Sundarbans > Flashcards

Coasts - Sundarbans Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are the Sundarbans located?

A

India and Bangladesh

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2
Q

What forests do the Sundarbans mainly consist of?

A

Mangrove forests

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3
Q

What are mangroves?

A

Trees that grow in coastal saline water, in the tropics and subtropics.

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4
Q

What do mangroves act as an obstacle to?

A
  • Wind and waves (storms)
  • Tsunamis
  • Erosion
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5
Q

How do mangroves prevent erosion?

A

By trapping sediment and stabilising shorelines with their long and dense root systems.

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6
Q

Why are mangroves ecologically important?

A

They provide a nesting site for birds and act as habitats for reptile, amphibian and mammal species. They also provide habitats for fish, crabs, shrimps because it protects them from predators.

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7
Q

What are the main rivers which flow into the Bay of Bengal through the Sundarbans?

A
  • River Ganges
  • River Brahmaputra
  • River Meghna
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8
Q

Where is the source of the rivers Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna?

A

Himalayas

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9
Q

What is the population of the Sundarbans?

A

4.5 million

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10
Q

What percentage of the Sundarbans population live below the poverty line?

A

42%

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11
Q

What is the average population density of the Sundarbans?

A

925 people/sq km

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12
Q

What coastal processes at the Sundarbans act as risks?

A
  • Tidal action
  • Storms
  • Monsoon winds
  • Instability of islands (chars) around channels (khals).
  • Sea level rising
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13
Q

What are the islands of the Sundarbans known as?

A

Chars

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14
Q

What are the channels of the Sundarbans known as?

A

Khals

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15
Q

What is the percentage rise in frequency of storms in the Sundarbans?

A

26%

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16
Q

How many square kilometres of land was lost in the Sundarbans from 2000 to 2009?

A

65

17
Q

What is the nature of Sundarbans infrastructure?

A

Rural and remote:
- 6% without electricity
- Houses are made of fragile material.

18
Q

What animal is a major threat to people living in the Sundarbans?

A

Bengal tigers

19
Q

What percentage of people in the Sundarbans have a primary school education?

A

55%

20
Q

What percentage of people in the Sundarbans have no formal education?

A

28%

21
Q

What percentage of people in the Sundarbans have a degree?

A

0.5%

22
Q

What is one of the main fishing industries in the Sundarbans?

A

Shrimp farming

23
Q

What are the disadvantages of shrimp farming in the Sundarbans?

A
  • Introduces invasive species
  • Pollutes the local environment
  • Dominated by large Western companies which don’t benefit the local population.
24
Q

What direction is the Sundarbans delta migrating and why?

A

Eastwards (due to southwesterly monsoon winds)

25
Q

How is the Bangladeshi and Indian government attempting to mitigate the challenges the Sundarbans is facing?

A
  • Investment in roads, communications, schools, hospitals…
  • Cyclone shelters
  • Solar panels
  • Ecotourism
  • Growing salt tolerant rice
  • NGO involvement
26
Q

When was Cyclone Aila?

A

2009

27
Q

How many immediate deaths were caused by Cyclone Aila?

A

190

28
Q

How many people were affected by Cyclone Aila?

A

4 million

29
Q

How many homes were damaged by Cyclone Aila?

A

920,000

30
Q

What was the total economic loss caused by Cyclone Aila?

A

$1.7 billion

31
Q

What is the current deforestation rate of mangroves in the Sundarbans per year?

A

2%/year

32
Q

How has human activity jeopardised biodiversity in the Sundarbans?

A
  • Climate change
  • Deforestation
  • Oil spills
33
Q

How did the 2014 oil spill in the Sundarbans impact the local environment?

A
  • Dolphin populations decreased due to oil reducing levels of oxygen in the water.
  • Vegetation damaged so deer populations decreased.
  • Tiger populations decreased due to lack of prey (deer).
34
Q

How many people on average are killed by tiger attacks in the Sundarbans?

A

22

35
Q

Why are high tiger attacks in the Sundarbans abnormal?

A

Humans are not a primary food source for tigers.

36
Q

What are the opportunities for living in the Sundarbans?

A
  • Flat, fertile land
  • Tourism (Bengal tigers, Ganges dolphins)
  • Mangroves provide timber for construction, firewood
  • Power plants can use water or solar panels
  • Mangroves protect against storms and erosion
  • Channels allow for shipping
  • Rich ecosystems provide shrimp, crab, honey, fish, palm leaves etc…

Geography (8 decks)

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