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Geography > Coasts - Holderness > Flashcards

Coasts - Holderness Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the Holderness coastline located?

A

Eastern coast of England

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2
Q

What is the Humber Estuary classified as?

A

An SSSI

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3
Q

What rock type makes up most of the Holderness coastline?

A

Boulder clay

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4
Q

Is boulder clay hard or soft rock?

A

Soft rock

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5
Q

What rock type is Flamborough Head?

A

Chalk

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6
Q

What erosional features are present at Flamborough Head?

A
  • Caves
  • Arches
  • Stacks
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7
Q

Is chalk hard or soft rock?

A

Hard rock

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8
Q

Where does the boulder clay material that is eroded along the Holderness Coast get deposited?

A

Spurn Point

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9
Q

How does the sediment eroded at the Holderness coast get transported to Spurn Point.

A

Longshore drift

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10
Q

What type of landform is Spurn Point?

A

Spit

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11
Q

Where is the Humber Estuary?

A

Behind Spurn Point

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12
Q

Why is Spurn Point a recurved spit?

A

Due to the Humber Estuary behind it.

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13
Q

Why is the Humber Estuary so important?

A
  • SSSI
  • Promotes biodiversity due to presence of mudflats, saltmarshes and bird species.
  • 14% of all UK International trade passes through.
  • Diverse range of industries present (gas terminals, power stations etc…).
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14
Q

What towns along the Holderness coastline are at risk due to erosion?

A

Bridlington
Hornsea
Mappleton
Withernsea
Kilnsea

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15
Q

How did the geology of the Holderness Coastline develop as a result of glacial change?

A

Before glaciation, the coastline began at the chalk layer of rock. Glaciation resulted in ice sheets depositing boulder clay in front of the chalk.

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16
Q

What type of coastline is the Holderness coastline?

A

Discordant

17
Q

Why is the rate of erosion of the Holderness coastline so high?

A
  • Boulder clay is a soft rock type.
  • Very long fetch results in stronger waves forming over the North Sea, typically destructive.
  • Climate change increasing storm frequency.
  • Strong movement of sediment due to longshore drift.
  • Narrow beach along the coast means that the cliff base is regularly eroded.
18
Q

What do the boulder clay cliffs suffer from when saturated?

A

Increased runoff leading to slumping

19
Q

What human factors play a part along the Holderness coastline?

A
  • Presence of people turns the processes into hazards.
  • Interference with longshore drift due to groynes.
  • Global warming.
20
Q

Hard engineering techniques used at Mappleton:

21
Q

Hard engineering techniques used at Withernsea:

A
  • Sea walls
  • Groynes
  • Rock armour
22
Q

Soft engineering techniques used at Mappleton:

A
  • Cliff regrading
  • Beach nourishment
23
Q

What management technique has been implemented at Spurn Point?

24
Q

When was Spurn Point officially abandoned?

25
Q

Evaluation of retreat technique at Spurn Point:

A
  • No practical solution, so saving annual costs.
  • Concerns of loss of community, lifeboat and coastguard station.
  • Environmental impacts (bird species are losing a habitat).
26
Q

Hard engineering techniques used at Hornsea:

A
  • Sea walls
  • Groynes
27
Q

Soft engineering techniques used at Hornsea:

A
  • Beach nourishment
28
Q

What are the 2 main holiday resorts on the Holderness Coastline?

A
  • Withernsea
  • Hornsea
29
Q

What are the advantages of Hornsea’s coastal management plan?

A
  • Groynes are locally effective and have benefited tourism by protecting beaches.
  • Groynes are cheap and acceptable visually.
30
Q

What are the disadvantages of Hornsea’s coastal management plan?

A
  • Maintainance of groynes is continual.
  • Areas down the coast (e.g Mappleton) are starved of sediment.
  • Sea walls are expensive.
31
Q

What are the advantages of Mappleton’s coastal management plan?

A
  • Cliff regrading is the only practical solution for clay cliffs.
  • Groynes are cheap.
32
Q

What are the disadvantages of Mappleton’s coastal management plan?

A
  • Evidence showing that the management scheme has been unsuccessful: the cliffs from 2002 were showing early signs of slumping.
  • Groynes are causing erosion down the coast. The cliff face supporting the car park is at risk of collapse.
33
Q

What are the advantages of Withernsea’s coastal management plan?

A
  • Successful implementation of ‘hold the line’ technique, saving seasonal jobs at the resort and calming residents.
  • Groynes are cheap.
34
Q

What are the disadvantages of Withernsea’s coastal management plan?

A
  • Sea wall is very expensive, limiting its length.
  • Wave noise becoming an issue due to rock armour.
  • Access issues to the beach due to rock armour.

Geography (18 decks)

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